ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Case Report: Clinicopathological features and literature review of a case of lymphoepithelioma-like intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Lymphoepithelioma-like intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (LEL-ICC) is a rare, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated subtype of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). With fewer than 150 cases reported globally, its comprehensive clinicopathological spectrum and optimal management remain incompletely understood, necessitating updated, systematic evaluations. Case presentation: This report describes a case of LEL-ICC incidentally discovered in a 71-year-old female patient. Imaging and gross pathological examinations revealed that the tumor had well-defined borders and a distinct pseudocapsule, a feature rarely emphasized in the description of such lesions. Histological examination showed that the tumor consisted of moderately to highly differentiated glandular structures, with a stroma composed of follicular lymphoid tissue. The tumor cells expressed cholangiocarcinoma markers (cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 19) but did not express markers of hepatocellular origin or those commonly associated with extrahepatic metastases. Combined immunohistochemical analysis revealed a wild-type expression pattern for p53, a Ki-67 proliferation index of approximately 10%, and positivity for EB virus-encoded small RNA (EBER); these findings collectively confirmed the final diagnosis. Conclusion: The lesion in this case presented with focal adenoid differentiation and an intact pseudocapsule, further enriching our understanding of the morphological characteristics of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) with lymphoepithelial differentiation. This article also reviews the relevant literature and summarizes the etiology, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and treatment options for this disease. This study further confirms that EBER testing for hepatitis-associated tumors can effectively reduce misdiagnosis and holds significant clinical value.
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