ArticleJournal of biomedical optics2026
Indocyanine green excitation-emission matrix characterization: excitation-dependent emission shifts and application-specific spectra.
Article in Journal of biomedical optics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Evaluation of analytical models to estimate depth of fluorescence objects in biological media.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Significance: Indocyanine green (ICG) is the most widely used fluorophore in fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS), and its microenvironment-dependent spectral response is relevant for system design, intersystem comparisons, and phantom development. Aim: To characterize ICG with excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) in the microenvironments of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions, and 3D-printed (3DP) resin and assess excitation-dependent emission, including red-edge excitation shifts (REES) and departures from Kasha's rule of excitation-independent emission. Approach: EEMs and absorbance spectra were acquired with extracted excitation spectra, emission spectra, emission peaks, centroids, and integrated emission areas under the curves (AUCs). Concentration-dependent behavior was examined in DMSO, and albumin concentration dependence was assessed from 5 to Results: ICG in DMSO exhibited excitation-independent emission consistent with Kasha-Vavilov behavior. By contrast, ICG in BSA solution and 3DP resin displayed excitation-dependent emission with pronounced REES and additional nonlinear departures from Kasha's rule. To our knowledge, this represents the first documentation of REES and broader anti-Kasha effects for ICG or any FGS fluorophore. Within the excitation range most relevant to ICG-FGS ( Conclusions: The EEM characterization shows that excitation-dependent behavior is a defining feature of ICG in biologically relevant environments, demonstrating that emission cannot be assumed to follow classical Kasha-Vavilov behavior. Reliable comparisons and imaging system design therefore require spectra acquired at defined excitation wavelengths with AUC integration within the emission detection band. Excitation-specific spectra from EEMs establish a consistent framework for intersystem comparisons and phantom standards, whereas the resulting datasets provide a practical spectroscopic reference for addressing excitation-dependent behavior in ICG sensing applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.