Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42529539›Full record

ReviewChemical & biomedical imaging2026

Unraveling the Hidden Balance between Quantum Confinement and Structural Modifications in Near-Infrared Fluorescent Carbon Dots.

Muhammad Madni, Zia Ullah, Hanfang Jiang, Jhilik Roy, Yibin Yan, Dongxiang Chen, Zhengyang Jin, Xihao Wu, Yuante Lan, Shaohua Wang and 2 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Chemical & biomedical imaging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Muhammad MadniSchool of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Zia UllahSchool of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Hanfang JiangClinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China.
Jhilik RoyDepartment of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
Yibin YanSchool of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Dongxiang ChenSchool of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Zhengyang JinDepartment of Fundamental Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Xihao WuDepartment of Fundamental Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Yuante LanDepartment of Fundamental Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Shaohua WangLaboratory Diagnosis Center for Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
Shubham RoySchool of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-3229
Bing GuoSchool of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7981-0644

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as promising nanomaterials for advanced bioimaging, sensing, and theranostic applications due to their intrinsic biocompatibility, photostability, tunable emission, and structural versatility. However, achieving strong, stable, and predictable NIR emission remains a major challenge due to the complex interplay between quantum confinement, surface states, and structural modifications. From a synthesis standpoint, leveraging well-defined molecular precursors, precisely controlled heteroatom doping, and defect engineering provides a systematic approach to modulate emissive centers and achieve reproducible, high-performance NIR fluorescence. This review unravels the hidden balance between these governing factors and provides a unified mechanistic perspective on how sp

Indexed as

carbon dotschemical functionalizationexcited-state dynamicsheteroatom dopingNIR fluorescencequantum confinement

Identifiers

PMID42529539
PMCPMC13417532

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.