ArticleApplied biochemistry and biotechnology2026
Box-Behnken-Optimized Bacterial Nanocellulose-Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites: Bactericidal Activity, Antioxidant Capacity, Cytotoxicity, and In vitro Wound Healing Assessment.
Article in Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) nanocomposites functionalized with silver (BNC-AgNC) and zinc oxide (BNC-ZnONC) nanoparticles were developed and optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD) for potential wound dressing applications. Quadratic models exhibited excellent predictability (R² = 0.9765 and 0.9811, respectively), identifying optimal loading conditions of 3% nanoparticle concentration, 4 h loading time, and 32.5 °C, yielding maximum inhibition zone diameters of 2.81 cm (BNC-AgNC) and 2.65 cm (BNC-ZnONC). Nanocomposite formation was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, DLS, and TGA, collectively demonstrating successful nanoparticle incorporation without disruption of the cellulose crystalline backbone. Both composites exhibited pronounced antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (S. aureus, S. pyogenes) and Gram-negative (S. marcescens, P. aeruginosa) pathogens, with BNC-AgNC showing bactericidal potency (MIC: 8-32 µg/mL) compared to BNC-ZnONC (MIC: 32-128 µg/mL). Cytotoxicity assessment on human fibroblasts revealed that BNC-ZnONC maintained > 97% cell viability across all tested concentrations (IC₅₀ >125 µg/mL), whereas BNC-AgNC exhibited concentration-dependent toxicity (IC₅₀ =63 µg/mL). Scratch wound healing assays demonstrated that BNC-ZnONC promoted fibroblast migration comparable to pristine BNC (81.84% closure), while BNC-AgNC significantly impaired wound closure even at sub-lethal concentrations. DPPH radical scavenging and hydration studies further supported the biocompatibility profile of BNC-ZnONC. These findings establish a functional dichotomy: BNC-AgNC offers potent bactericidal activity with a narrow therapeutic window, while BNC-ZnONC represents a more favorable candidate combining antimicrobial efficacy, cytocompatibility, and pro-healing properties for biomedical wound management.
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