Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42531322›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Leveraging expression quantitative trait loci information in single-cell resolution to identify cell-specific genes for gestational diabetes.

Wenyan Zhu, Xiaowei Wu, Rongkui Hu

Abstract read
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Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Wenyan ZhuDepartment of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Xiaowei WuDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Rongkui HuGynecology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4969-4966

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with long-term metabolic consequences for both mother and offspring. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified risk loci, the cell-type-specific genetic architecture remains poorly characterized due to the limitations of bulk-tissue analyses.

methodsWe integrated GWAS summary statistics from FinnGen (12,332 cases, 131,109 controls) with single-cell expression quantitative trait loci (sc-eQTL) data from 12 immune cell types in the OneK1K cohort. Using the OTTERS framework and ACAT-O omnibus testing, we performed single-cell transcriptome-wide association studies (scTWAS) to identify GDM-associated genes. We performed bulk-level TWAS as a sensitivity analysis. To investigate the function of significant genes, we performed functional enrichment.

resultsWe detected 14 unique genes significantly associated with GDM across immune cell types (FDR < 0.05), with the strongest signals in CD4+ T cells and monocytes. Notably, ERAP1 and ERAP2 showed associations in 10 of 12 cell types (ACAT. P = 2.17 × 10-5), and RIOK2 emerged as a shared regulator. Gene Ontology analysis consistently highlighted "antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I" as the top enriched pathway (FDR < 10-5). In contrast, traditional bulk TWAS using GTEx whole blood identified only two genes with nominal associations.

conclusionOur sc-TWAS identifies cell-type-specific GDM-associated genes that are not detected in bulk tissue, highlighting dysregulated antigen presentation in peripheral immune cells. Colocalization prioritizes monocytic LNPEP as the primary causal candidate, while associations for ERAP1, ERAP2, and RIOK2 likely reflect complex LD or tissue-specific effects.

Indexed as

Diabetes, GestationalQuantitative Trait LociAminopeptidasesFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMonocytesPolymorphism, Single NucleotidePregnancySingle-Cell AnalysisSingle-Cell Gene Expression AnalysisAminopeptidasesERAP2 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID42531322
PMCPMC13423032

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.