Evidence mapPaperPMID 42533024Full record

Trial reportScientific reports2026

Comparative efficacy of an 8-week core stability program versus foot-ankle strengthening on pain, function, and distal structural parameters in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial.

Shaikh Nabi Bukhsh Nazir, Amna Asim

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06766877 (Effect of Core Stability Versus Ankle Foot Strengthening Exercise in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06766877 nacompletednot on this map

Effect of Core Stability Versus Ankle Foot Strengthening Exercise in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis

TypeinterventionalSponsorDow University of Health SciencesRan2023 to 2026Enrolled100ConditionsKnee OsteoarthritisArmscore stability exercise, foot-ankle strengthening exercise
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Shaikh Nabi Bukhsh NazirDepartment of Health, Physical Education, and Sports Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. nabibux_903@hotmail.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-5465
Amna AsimCollege of Business Management, Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common musculoskeletal condition linked to aberrant joint loading, pain, and reduced function. While effective rehabilitation should target both local knee problems and the entire kinetic chain, direct comparisons between proximal (core stability) and distal (foot-ankle) interventions are limited. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of an 8-week core stability exercise (CSE) program versus foot-ankle strengthening (FAS) in individuals with knee OA. One hundred participants (aged ≥ 40 years, Kellgren-Lawrence grade II-III) were randomly assigned to either CSE (n = 50) or FAS (n = 50). Both groups performed conventional knee exercises three times weekly for 8 weeks, supplemented by their respective group-specific training. The primary outcome was resting pain intensity evaluated via a visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales, functional performance tests (40-m fast-paced walk, 30-second chair stand, and 11-step stair climb), and distal structural measures (Achilles tendon thickness and navicular/foot ratio). Assessments were conducted at baseline and after 8 weeks, with between-group differences analyzed using ANCOVA adjusted for baseline values. The CSE group showed significantly greater improvements across all outcomes compared to the FAS group. Between-group differences exceeded validated minimal clinically important differences (MCID) for resting pain and all KOOS subscales, met MCID thresholds for the walk and chair-stand tests, and safely surpassed minimal detectable changes (MDC) for the stair-climb test and distal structural parameters; large effect sizes favored core stability training. These findings indicate that proximal core stabilization added to conventional knee exercises provides superior short-term improvements in functional mobility and distal structural surrogates compared to foot-ankle strengthening combined with conventional knee exercises in knee OA rehabilitation. Crucially, these static distal structural modifications are exploratory, likely reflecting localized soft-tissue fluid shifts rather than permanent anatomical remodeling, and demand future validation via advanced diagnostic imaging.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID= NCT06766877 (registered 9 January 2025).

Indexed as

AnkleExercise TherapyFootOsteoarthritis, KneeResistance TrainingAgedAnkle JointFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMuscle StrengthPainPain MeasurementTreatment OutcomeAchilles tendonAnkle jointBiomechanical phenomenaExercise therapyFootLower extremityPostural balance

Identifiers

PMID42533024
PMCPMC13424365

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.