Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42533036›Full record

SynthesisMolecular psychiatry2026

Neuroinflammatory markers sTREM2 and YKL-40 in association with Alzheimer's disease pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rachael Yu, Anastasia Suraev, Victor Vidal, Shawn Kong, Robert Zachariae, Laura Piccio, Michael T Heneka, Sharon L Naismith, Johannes C Michaelian

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Molecular psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Rachael YuHealthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia. rachael.yu@sydney.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-6265-6015
Anastasia SuraevHealthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5993-2246
Victor VidalHealthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
Shawn KongHealthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-5929
Robert ZachariaeUnit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-3068
Laura PiccioSchool of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
Michael T HenekaLuxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4996-1630
Sharon L NaismithHealthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-2778
Johannes C MichaelianHealthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesNeuroinflammation is increasingly recognised as a key feature of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathophysiology. Markers of glial reactivity, sTREM2 and YKL-40, are elevated in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, but their associations with core pathology across these stages have not yet been systematically investigated. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined their cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with core pathological biomarkers of AD, and examine how these relationships may evolve dynamically across the disease continuum.

methodsA systematic literature search conducted across Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus (PROSPERO: CRD420250653864) identified 42 studies for sTREM2 and 44 for YKL-40 that were included in this study.

resultsMeta-analyses revealed that both markers showed robust positive associations with pTau181, tTau and NfL (pooled r = 0.31-0.55), including in covariate-adjusted correlations. In contrast, associations with Aβ pathology (CSF Aβ42/40, Aβ-PET) were weaker and not significant in covariate-adjusted estimates. Meta-regression analyses revealed that glial-tau associations were strongest in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, and progressively weakened in MCI and AD, independent of age effects. Longitudinal data were limited and summarised descriptively; glial reactivity predicts increases in soluble CSF hyperphosphorylated tau pathology, yet is concurrently associated with slower accumulation of insoluble PET-detectable amyloid and tau aggregates.

conclusionsOur findings indicate that sTREM2 and YKL-40 preferentially associate with tauopathy and neurodegeneration over pathological Aβ accumulation. The progressive attenuation of glial-pathology coupling may reflect glial saturation or "exhaustion" with disease progression, offering new insights into how impaired glial responses may be involved in AD pathophysiology.

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.