Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42533067›Full record

ArticleNature microbiology2026

Combined phage therapy and faecal microbiota transplantation to treat recurrent urinary tract infection: a case series.

Shawna McCallin, Annika Y Classen, Simone C Lieberknecht-Jouy, Fatih Abdula, Sarah Dugas, Oliver Gross, Hendrik Koliwer-Brandl, Swenja Lassen, Jens Scheidegger, Matthew Dunne and 12 more

Abstract readCase Reports
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Shawna McCallinDepartment of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. shawna.mccallin@balgrist.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4277-7753
Annika Y ClassenESGNTA - ESCMID Study Group for Non-Traditional Antibacterials, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2905-5139
Simone C Lieberknecht-JouyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Fatih AbdulaDepartment of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Sarah DugasDepartment of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Oliver GrossDepartment of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Hendrik Koliwer-BrandlESGNTA - ESCMID Study Group for Non-Traditional Antibacterials, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1613-5615
Swenja LassenDepartment of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Jens ScheideggerDepartment of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-8900-9789
Matthew DunneDepartment of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2329-8183
Andre KahlesThe LOOP Zurich, Medical Research Center, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-0692
Jonas EiglerUniversity of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Fedja FarowskiUniversity of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Paul G HigginsGerman Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn/Cologne, Cologne, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8677-9454
Sonja MilekDepartment of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Oksana ChemychDepartment of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1332-2175
Jiemin DuInstitute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1246-6508
Martin J LoessnerThe LOOP Zurich, Medical Research Center, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8162-2631
Thomas M KesslerDepartment of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Maria J G T VehreschildESGNTA - ESCMID Study Group for Non-Traditional Antibacterials, Basel, Switzerland.
Lorenz Leitner *Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5764-3494
Lena M Biehl *ESGUTI - ESCMID Study Group for Urinary Tract Infection, Basel, Switzerland.

Funding

Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (German Center for Infection Research) DZIF TI 07.005_BiehlEC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (H2020 Excellent Science - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions) 955974 (VIROINF)Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation) CRSII5_189957Universität Zürich (University of Zurich) FK-22-052
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recurrent urinary tract infections are recalcitrant and difficult-to-treat bacterial infections that primarily affect women. Here we combine phage therapy with faecal microbiota transplantation to decolonize the urinary and intestinal reservoirs of patients with recurrent urinary tract infections. Three women received oral and intravesical phage therapy for 8 days, and two underwent subsequent faecal microbiota transplantation. Treatments were well tolerated, and although Escherichia coli was detected in follow-up samples, patients experienced none or fewer and less severe episodes of urinary tract infection 24 months post-treatment.

Indexed as

Fecal Microbiota TransplantationPhage TherapyUrinary Tract InfectionsAgedCombined Modality TherapyEscherichia coliEscherichia coli InfectionsFecesFemaleHumansMiddle AgedRecurrenceTreatment Outcome

Identifiers

PMID42533067
PMCPMC13423874

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.