Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42533360›Full record

ArticleJournal of evidence-based medicine2026

The Development of the Tool for Rating the qUality of Services sTandards (TRUST).

Zhenggang Bai, Yumeng Zhu, Xingsu Gao, Nannan Shi, Xiaoliang Cheng, Ruhai Bai, Jingchun Fan, Janne Estill, Weijie Xing, Feng Tong and 6 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of evidence-based medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Zhenggang BaiSchool of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Yumeng ZhuDepartment of Social Work, School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Xingsu GaoSchool of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Nannan ShiInstitute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Xiaoliang ChengCampbell China Network Coordinator Center, Nanjing, China.
Ruhai BaiSchool of Public Affairs, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
Jingchun FanCenter for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.
Janne EstillInstitute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Weijie XingSchool of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Feng TongCollege of International Law and Sociology, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China.
Dwi Linna SuswardanyChronic Disease Research Center, University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia.
Paul Montgomery-MarksDepartment of Social Policy, Sociology and Criminology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Liang DuChinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Iris ChiSuzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
Haibo ChengThe First Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
TRUST Working Group

Funding

National Key R&D Program of China 2025YFC3508700National Key R&D Program of China 2025YFC3508703Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Team and Talent Support Program-National Traditional Chinese Medicine Multidisciplinary Cross-Innovation Team Project ZYYCXTD-D-202401
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aimed to develop a preliminary framework for the systematic, multi-dimensional evaluation of service standards, the Tool for Rating the qUality of Service sTandards (TRUST), to address the heterogeneity and quality-related deficiencies in existing standards and to provide a preliminary evidence-informed basis for evaluating, optimizing, and promoting the quality of service standards.

methodsTRUST was developed through an evidence based multi-step process. First, a TRUST Working Group, consisting of a drafting team, an expert panel, and a steering committee, was established. A pool of candidate items was then constructed through a systematic literature review that identified 16 existing standard evaluation frameworks, followed by a group discussion. Subsequently, a structured online expert survey was conducted to assess expert agreement on the preliminary set of items. Item weights were calculated using the Precedence Chart method. Finally, we conducted a pilot study and calculated the inter-rater reliability coefficients applying TRUST to a sample of 51 published standards.

resultsTRUST comprises 17 items across five distinct dimensions: collaboration (28.0%), scope and purpose (7.6%), quality management (39.1%), implementation and updates (15.6%) and social impact (9.7%). Inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] (A,1)) across items ranged from 0.502 to 0.860, and the total score showed excellent reliability (ICC (A,1) = 0.832, 95% CI: 0.723-0.901).

conclusionTRUST offers an initial evidence-based architecture to guide the future development of assessment instruments for standards, laying the groundwork for theoretical and practical support in optimizing and refining standards.

Indexed as

Quality of Health CareHumansPilot ProjectsReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and Questionnairesevidence‐based medicineindicatorquality controlquality of healthcare

Identifiers

PMID42533360
PMCPMC13613253

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.