Evidence mapPaperPMID 42533561Full record

ArticleClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2026

Prescription Sequence Symmetry Analysis of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Neuropsychiatric Conditions.

Maria J Alfonso Arvez, Sam Wade, Darshna Goordeen, Jenni Ilomäki, Amanda J Cross, Monica Langiu, George S Q Tan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Maria J Alfonso Arvez *Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1411-110X
Sam Wade *Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4680-8514
Darshna GoordeenCentre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8745
Jenni IlomäkiCentre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0348-9441
Amanda J CrossCentre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6001-9211
Monica LangiuDrug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0719-8999
George S Q TanCentre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2526-729X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly prescribed for type 2 diabetes and weight management. However, conflicting evidence from preclinical, clinical, and pharmacovigilance studies suggests potential neuropsychiatric effects. This study examined associations between GLP-1RA use and initiation of a range of neuropsychiatric medications using real-world prescription data. A Prescription Sequence Symmetry Analysis was conducted using Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme 10% random sample between July 1, 2013 and December 31, 2024. Individuals with an incident dispensing of both a GLP-1RA and a neuropsychiatric medication were included. Outcomes comprised antidepressants, medication for substance use disorder (SUD), antipsychotics, psychostimulants, antidementia medications, antiparkinsonian medications, antiepileptics, and antimigraine agents. Adjusted sequence ratios (aSRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a one-year exposure window, with sensitivity analyses varying various time windows. Among 2,033 individuals, semaglutide was the most common GLP-1RA (50.6%), followed by exenatide (27.5%) and dulaglutide (21.9%). GLP-1RA initiation was inversely associated with initiation of antidepressants (aSR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76-0.94) and medications for SUD (aSR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51-0.88). No significant associations were observed for other neuropsychiatric outcomes. GLP-1RA use was inversely associated with subsequent initiation of antidepressants and medications for SUD, while no associations were identified for other neuropsychiatric marker medications. These findings highlight the need for further studies to clarify the nature and magnitude of these potential neuropsychiatric associations with GLP-1RAs.

Identifiers

PMID42533561
PMCPMC13424737

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.