Evidence mapPaperPMID 42533700Full record

ArticleGeriatrics & gerontology international2026

Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8) in Healthy Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Factor Structure and Association With Appetite, Muscle Health, Falls, Physical Function, Mood, and Quality of Life.

Herb Howard C Hernandez, Celestine Lim, Jun Pei Lim, Jia Qian Chia, Kok-Yang Ang, Audrey Yeo, Cai Ning Tan, Wee Shiong Lim, Justin Chew

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Article in Geriatrics & gerontology international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Herb Howard C HernandezDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7205-859X
Celestine LimDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Jun Pei LimDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Jia Qian ChiaDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Kok-Yang AngDepartment of Dental Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Audrey YeoInstitute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Cai Ning TanInstitute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Wee Shiong LimDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Justin ChewDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9891-6663

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsThe oral frailty index-8 (OFI-8) is a measure of oral frailty to identify impaired oral function. However, its validity and associations with health outcomes remain unclear. We aim to evaluate its construct validity and associations with appetite, muscle health, falls, functional outcomes, and quality of life (QoL).

methodsCross-sectional analysis of 300 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 67.4 ± 7.10 years; 68.7% female). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) assessed OFI-8's factor structure. Participants were classified as oral non-frail (ONF), pre-frail (OPF), or frail (OF) based on total scores. Associations with outcomes were assessed using logistic regression, adjusted for relevant covariates. Outcomes included appetite (SNAQ), muscle health (DEXA muscle mass, handgrip strength, SARC-F), falls risk (STEADI), function (IADL), life-space mobility (LSA), mood (GDS), and QoL (EQ-5D-5L).

resultsEFA revealed OFI-8's 3-factor structure: swallowing and oral conditions, dental care, and dietary and social habits. Prevalence of ONF, OPF, and OF was 62%, 16%, and 22%, respectively. Compared to ONF, OF showed worse appetite, handgrip strength, SARC-F scores, falls risk, IADL function, and mood (all p < 0.05). In adjusted models, OF was associated with poor appetite (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.07-3.65), increased falls risk (OR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.21-5.74), and low mood (OR = 5.51, 95% CI: 2.07-14.69). OPF was not associated with any outcomes. No differences were observed across groups in muscle mass, LSA, or QoL.

conclusionOur findings provide preliminary support for OFI-8's validity as a multi-dimensional tool to identify community-dwelling older persons with oral frailty, which is associated with adverse outcomes. Further research is needed to refine cut-offs and evaluate longitudinal predictive validity.

Indexed as

Accidental FallsAffectAppetiteFrail ElderlyFrailtyGeriatric AssessmentOral HealthQuality of LifeAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIndependent LivingMalefrailtyoral frailtyoral health

Identifiers

PMID42533700
PMCPMC13425024

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.