ArticleKidney medicine2026
Association of Serum Chloride Concentration With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis: The Fukuoka Peritoneal Dialysis Registry.
Article in Kidney medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Association of serum chloride concentration with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: the Fukuoka peritoneal dialysis registry (F-PDR).Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026Article
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8 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rationale & Objective: Low serum chloride concentration is linked to mortality in chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis, but evidence in peritoneal dialysis (PD) has largely come from incident cohorts. We evaluated whether serum chloride concentration at registry enrollment is independently associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among maintenance PD patients. Study Design: Multicenter retrospective cohort study. Setting & Participants: The Fukuoka Peritoneal Dialysis Registry (F-PDR) enrolled PD patients from 20 centers in Japan (2011-2020). Enrollment in this cohort study was not restricted to the time of PD initiation. After excluding patients with PD duration <90 days at F-PDR enrollment, 1,049 maintenance PD patients were analyzed. Exposure: Serum chloride concentration at registry enrollment, categorized into tertiles (T1 <96, T2 96-99, and T3 >99 mmol/L). Outcomes: All-cause mortality (primary) and cardiovascular mortality (secondary). Analytical Approach: Cox proportional hazards models estimated HR and 95% CI with multivariable adjustment including serum sodium and other prespecified covariates. Missing covariates were handled with multiple imputation. Results: Over a median follow-up of 731 days, 179 patients (17.1%) died, including 59 (5.6%) from cardiovascular causes. In the fully adjusted model, compared with T3 (>99 mmol/L), T1 (<96 mmol/L) was associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality (HR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.55-4.34) and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.28-8.66). Limitations: Observational design with potential residual confounding. Serum chloride and covariates were measured only at registry enrollment. Serum bicarbonate was unavailable. Generalizability may be limited. Conclusions: In maintenance PD patients, lower serum chloride concentration was independently associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risks, suggesting serum chloride may be a useful marker for risk assessment.
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