ArticleBrain communications2026
Disease detection and classification in temporal lobe epilepsy: step-wise versus simultaneous AI decision models in a multisite neuroimaging study.
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Article in Brain communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1citing papers in PubMed
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Explainable Deep Learning for MRI-Negative Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Classification and Brain Region Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
69 authors.
Erik KaestnerDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3252-5365
Jay SawantHalıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Donatello ArienzoDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Kyle A HasenstabDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
Ezequiel GleichgerrchtDepartment of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Taha GholipourDepartment of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Anees AbrolGSU/GATech/Emory Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
Reihaneh HassanzadehElectrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
Sophia I ThomopoulosImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA.
Clarissa L YasudaBrazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
Lucas Scárdua SilvaNeuroimaging Laboratory, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-888, Brazil.
Marina K M AlvimBrazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
Patrick MoloneyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
Andre AltmannCentre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9265-2393
Helena Martins CustodioDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8145-1038
Ev-Christin HeideDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
Nishant SinhaDepartment of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2090-4889
Alice BalleriniDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Baggiovara 41126, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0544-1599
Julie AbsilDepartment of Radiology, CUB Erasme Hospital, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium.
Sara LarivièreDepartment of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
Kai M SchubertDepartment of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1438-7544
Carolina Ferreira-AtuestaDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.
Gian Marco DumaEpilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Conegliano 31015, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0778-3920
Raphaël ChristinDepartment of Neurology, University of California SanFrancisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Elisa BarbiDepartment of Neuroscience and Human Genetics, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence 50139, Italy.
Renzo GuerriniDepartment of Neuroscience and Human Genetics, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence 50139, Italy.
Theodor RüberDepartment of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-7671
Tobias BauerDepartment of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0555-6214
Benjamin SinclairDepartment of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 53127, Australia.
Jacob BunyaminDepartment of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 53127, Australia.
Merran R CourtneyDepartment of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 53127, Australia.
Meng LawDepartment of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 53127, Australia.
Angelo LabateNeurophysiopathology and Movement Disorders Clinic, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy.
Pasquale StrianoIRCCS G. Gaslini, Full Member of Epicare, Genova 16147, Italy.
Lucy VivashDepartment of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 53127, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1182-0907
Terence J O'BrienDepartment of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 53127, Australia.
Matteo LengeDepartment of Neuroscience and Human Genetics, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence 50139, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2848-621X
Luca SabaDepartment of Radiology, AOU Cagliari and University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy.
Jonathan K KleenDepartment of Neurology, University of California SanFrancisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-3205
Paolo BonanniEpilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Conegliano 31015, Italy.
Leigh N SepetaChildren's National Hospital (CNH), Washington, DC 20010, USA.
Marian GalovicDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.
Emanuele BartoliniDepartment of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Foundation Stella Maris, Pisa 56128, Italy.
Victoria Ives-DeliperiDepartment of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
Boris C BernhardtCentre of Excellence in Epilepsy at the Neuro and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
Pascal MartinDepartment of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
Chantal DepondtDepartment of Neurology, CUB Erasme Hospital, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium.
Travis StoubDepartment of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Anna Elisabetta VaudanoDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neuronal Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6280-7526
Stefano MelettiDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neuronal Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0334-539X
Ruben KuznieckyDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA.
Luis ConchaInstitute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7842-3869
Anto I BagićUniversity of Pittsburgh Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (UPCEC), Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Kathryn A DavisDepartment of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-6480
Richard J StabaDepartment of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2285-5627
Niels K N FockeClinic for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
Heath PardoeDepartment of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NewYork, NY 10016, USA.
Patricia C DuganDepartment of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NewYork, NY 10016, USA.
Orrin DevinskyNYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NewYork, NY 10016, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0044-4632
Daniel L DraneDepartment of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Zhiqiang ZhangDepartment of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
Antonio GambardellaInstitute of Neurology, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7384-3074
Alexandra ParashosDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Fernando CendesDepartment of Neurology, FCM, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-888, Brazil.
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA.
Sanjay M SisodiyaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1511-5893
Vince D CalhounTri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
Leonardo BonilhaDepartment of Neurology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29203, USA.
Carrie R McDonaldDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Funding
Training U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1MLifespan Epilepsy Network Signatures (LENS): Leveraging ENIGMA-Epilepsy to Predict Cognitive Aging and Surgical OutcomesR01NS122827 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI CARRIE R MCDONALD · 2021 to 2026
$3.8MNIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS122827
Abstract
Diagnostic MRI evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) depends on the subjective visual interpretation of MRI images. These interpretations could be enhanced by quantitative artificial intelligence (AI) support tools. Humans often make sequential and conditional decisions during their radiological interpretations, such as whether an abnormality is present and, if present, characterizing the abnormality. It is not known whether it is superior to train AI to treat every decision separately in a similar step-wise manner or to train a model holistically on all decisions simultaneously. Here, we analysed three large epilepsy MRI datasets [
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