Evidence mapPaperPMID 42534743Full record

ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026

Effects of non-denatured whey protein supplementation combined with a Mediterranean-type diet on cognitive function and muscle health in sarcopenic older adults with cognitive impairment: a retrospective observational study.

Lombardi Marta, Di Lauro Mariastella, Nasti Gilda, Caruso Marco, Petito Martina, Oliviero Nunzio, Di Martino Annabella, Piazza Roberto, Mangrella Mario, Guida Bruna and 1 more

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Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Lombardi MartaDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Di Lauro MariastellaDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Nasti GildaDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Caruso MarcoDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Petito MartinaDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Oliviero NunzioDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Di Martino AnnabellaDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Piazza RobertoMedical Affairs Department Italfarmaco SpA, Milan, Italy.
Mangrella MarioMedical Affairs Department Italfarmaco SpA, Milan, Italy.
Guida BrunaDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Chiurazzi MartinaDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Population ageing has led to a rise in neurodegenerative disorders, driven by metabolic, inflammatory, and nutritional factors. The Mediterranean diet and adequate protein intake may help protect cognitive function and support muscle health. Sarcopenia is strongly associated with cognitive decline through the muscle-brain axis. This study evaluates the combined effects of a Mediterranean-type diet and whey proteins on cognition, body composition, and muscle strength in sarcopenic older adults. Methods: A total of sixty-eight older adults with sarcopenia and cognitive impairment were retrospectively enrolled and divided according to adherence to the nutritional intervention. Group A ( Results: At 6 months, Group A was associated with significant improvements in body composition and functional outcomes compared with baseline. In particular, Body Cell Mass (BCM) increased, together with an improvement in right-hand grip strength, indicating enhanced muscle quality and strength. Muscle mass also increased, supporting better physical performance, as reflected by a reduction in perceived frailty (SARC-F score). Cognitive outcomes improved in both groups, with significant increases in MMSE scores, while executive function also improved in the intervention group, as shown by better TMT-A and TMT-B performance. Discussion: A Mediterranean-type diet combined with whey protein supplementation was associated with improvements in both muscle and cognitive function in sarcopenic older adults; however, due to the observational nature of the study, causal relationships cannot be established. These findings align with evidence on the benefits of protein intake for musculoskeletal health. Potential mechanisms include reduced inflammation and muscle-brain communication via myokines. The lack of resistance training may have limited long-term effects. Overall, results support combined nutritional strategies to improve ageing outcomes.

Indexed as

cognitive impairmentmuscle strengthnutritional interventionsarcopeniawhey protein supplementation

Identifiers

PMID42534743
PMCPMC13421900

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.