Evidence mapPaperPMID 42534772Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2026

Trends and disparities in deaths involving atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and stroke-related conditions among U.S. adults, 1999-2025.

Muhammad Atif Mazhar, Abdal Ahmad, Vishan Das, Danyal Ahmad, Kaneez Fatima, Muhammad Mukhlis, Eshal Atif, Zubair Ahmed, Sadia Qazi

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Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Muhammad Atif MazharDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abdal AhmadDepartment of Medicine, Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Vishan DasLiaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
Danyal AhmadPeshawar Institute of Cardiology, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Kaneez FatimaCMH Institute of Medical Sciences, Multan, Pakistan.
Muhammad MukhlisAyub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
Eshal AtifCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Zubair AhmedInternal Medicine Department, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, NY, United States.
Sadia QaziDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: ASCVD and stroke remain leading causes of death in the United States, sharing overlapping risk factors and clinical consequences. Long-term declines in vascular mortality have slowed while disparities persist. We evaluated national trends and disparities in mortality involving coexisting ASCVD- and stroke-related conditions among U.S. adults from 1999 to 2025. Methods: We performed a retrospective population-based study using the CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death database. Adults aged ≥25 years were included. Deaths were identified when prespecified ASCVD-related and stroke-related ICD-10 codes were both documented on the same death certificate, whether as underlying or contributing causes. The outcome represents a death-certificate-defined mortality phenotype rather than clinically adjudicated concurrent disease. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 were calculated using the 2000 U.S. standard population. Trends were assessed overall and by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, census region, urbanization, and state. Urbanization analyses were restricted to 1999-2020. Sensitivity analyses included restriction to atherosclerotic-specific codes (I25.x) and exclusion of provisional 2025 data. Results: A total of 876,383 deaths were identified. Overall average AAMR was 15.01 per 100,000. Mortality declined from 26.82 in 1999 to 10.91 per 100,000 in 2025, with an AAPC of -3.53% (95% CI, -4.27 to -2.78; Conclusion: Although mortality involving coexisting ASCVD- and stroke-related conditions declined substantially from 1999 to 2025, this progress was interrupted by a borderline reversal in the pandemic period and remained marked by persistent disparities. These findings support the need for stronger and more equitable prevention strategies, particularly for younger adults and high-burden populations and regions.

Indexed as

atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseasecardiovascular epidemiologyhealth disparitiespreventionstroke mortality

Identifiers

PMID42534772
PMCPMC13422406

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.