ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
Stage-associated enrichment of
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a major ocular disease of cattle. Although the bovine conjunctival microbiome has been studied in IBK-affected and healthy animals, microbiome patterns across clinically defined lesion stages remain poorly understood, and the occurrence of Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 57 calves from two commercial farms in Kazakhstan, stratified across six clinical stages of IBK severity (0-5). Conjunctival swabs were analyzed by culture-based Results: IBK stage was not associated with significant global restructuring of the conjunctival microbiome. Alpha-diversity indices did not differ significantly across stages, and PERMANOVA showed no stage-specific beta-diversity separation ( Conclusion: IBK lesion stage was not associated with major alpha- or beta-diversity restructuring, but
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