Evidence mapPaperPMID 42536282Full record

ArticleMolecular biology reports2026

Inflammatory response and immunological alteration in polycystic ovary syndrome: An integrative case-control study.

Ahmed Kareem Atheeb, Saba Zuhair Hussein

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Article in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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2 authors.

Ahmed Kareem AtheebDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. ahmed.athab2305@sc.uobaghdad.edu.iq.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-4555-4238
Saba Zuhair HusseinDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine condition affecting females of reproductive age with low-grade inflammation; however, the relationship between the immune system and PCOS remains unidentified.

objectiveOur study aimed to investigate the association between inflammation-mediated and immune-modulating molecules in women with PCOS and to highlight their potential roles and interactions in mediating chronic low-grade inflammation.

methods90 Iraqi women were involved in a case-control study, aged between 18 and 45 years, divided into pairs of groups, first one group of 50 women who had been recently diagnosed with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria, and 40 apparently healthy women. Serum concentrations of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Human Leukocyte Antigen Type-G (HLA-G), Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), and Estradiol (E2) were estimated using standard immunoassays. Statistical analysis was performed to compare groups and assess the association between biomarkers and clinical features.

resultsOur results showed higher levels of AMH, GnRH, COX2, PGE2, HLA-G, and HSP70 in PCOS women compared to women without PCOS. Alongside women with PCOS, the E2 concentration showed no significant difference from that in the control group. For COX2, PGE2, and HSP70, the area under the curve (AUC) was 1.000. For HLA-G, the AUC was 0.964.

conclusionThe findings suggest that inflammatory mediators and immune-regulatory molecules are associated with the inflammatory and immunological alterations observed in PCOS, providing additional insights into the underlying biological mechanisms. Further studies are warranted to validate their potential clinical utility.

Indexed as

InflammationPolycystic Ovary SyndromeAdolescentAdultAnti-Mullerian HormoneBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesCyclooxygenase 2DinoprostoneFemaleHLA-G AntigensHSP70 Heat-Shock ProteinsHumansMiddle AgedYoung AdultAnti-Mullerian HormoneBiomarkersCyclooxygenase 2DinoprostoneHLA-G AntigensHSP70 Heat-Shock ProteinsCyclooxygenase-2Heat-Shock ProteinsHuman Leukocyte Antigen type-G AntigensPolycystic Ovary SyndromeProstaglandin E2

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.