ReviewMolecular neurobiology2026
The Pleiotropic Therapeutic Perspectives of GLP-1 and GIP Receptor Agonists in Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review.
Review in Molecular neurobiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) constitutes a major global health challenge. The pathophysiology of SCI involves many aspects. Current treatments, such as early decompression and glucocorticoids, target single pathways and show limited efficacy with safety concerns. In this context, interventions based on the incretin system are now considered attractive candidates for SCI intervention. This review comprehensively outlines the mechanisms underlying microenvironmental imbalance following SCI and explores glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists as promising options. These agents, recognized for their role in managing diabetes and body weight, demonstrate substantial pleiotropic effects beyond simple glycemic regulation. These beneficial actions include neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory effects, and the promotion of tissue repair. Preclinical SCI studies have indicated that GLP-1 receptor agonists and GIP receptor agonists reduce inflammation by shifting microglia/macrophages to anti-inflammatory phenotypes, suppress apoptosis, increase autophagy, alleviate oxidative stress, promote axonal regeneration, improve the injury microenvironment, and have the potential to regulate immune cells. Related research in other neurological disorders supports these mechanisms, with dual agonists showing superior efficacy. GLP-1 receptor agonists and GIP receptor agonists suggest significant potential to address the multifaceted pathology and associated metabolic complications of SCI. Current evidence highlights the importance of mechanistic elucidation, dose optimization, the development of innovative delivery systems such as nanoparticles, and further validation in large animal and human studies.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.