SynthesisFrontiers in dental medicine2026
Glucosamine supplementation in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in dental medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Glucosamine has been proposed as a therapeutic option for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), particularly temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA), but its effectiveness and safety remain uncertain. Objective: To evaluate the benefits and harms of oral glucosamine supplementation in patients with TMJ OA and other/unspecified TMD. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Embase through October 8, 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating oral glucosamine supplementation in patients with any type of TMD, including TMJ OA, were selected. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models, and the GRADE methodology was applied to assess the certainty of the evidence. Results: Seven RCTs were included. In patients with TMJ OA, compared with placebo, glucosamine may not result in a clinically important reduction in pain at ≤3 months (MD -1.58 mm; 95% CI -5.98 to 2.83; low certainty) and probably does not provide a clinically important reduction at 6 months despite statistical significance (MD -7.02 mm; 95% CI -11.95 to -2.09; moderate certainty). Glucosamine improved quality of life at 12 months (MD -4.14; 95% CI -6.41 to -1.87; high certainty). Compared with active controls, the effect on pain was uncertain, although quality of life may improve at 3 months. In patients with other/unspecified TMD, glucosamine may not meaningfully reduce pain but may increase maximum pain-free mandibular opening at 3 months. Evidence regarding adverse and serious adverse events was very uncertain across comparisons. Conclusion: Oral glucosamine does not provide a clinically important reduction in pain in TMJ OA or other/unspecified TMD but may improve quality of life in TMJ OA. Evidence for functional outcomes and adverse events remains uncertain, highlighting the need for high-quality randomized trials. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024531131, identifier CRD42024531131.
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