Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42540123›Full record

ArticleEULAR rheumatology open2026

Prevalence, outcomes, and predictive factors: a systematic literature review to inform the development of EULAR Points to Consider for the definition of Difficult-to-Manage and Treatment-Refractory psoriatic arthritis.

Stephanie R Harrison, George E Fragoulis, Xabier Michelena, Cristina Macía-Villa, Louise Falzon, Stefan Siebert, Helena Marzo-Ortega, Alexandre Sepriano, Pedro M Machado

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in EULAR rheumatology open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Stephanie R HarrisonNational Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Chapel Allerton Hospital, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
George E FragoulisJoint Academic Rheumatology Program, First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Athens, Greece.
Xabier MichelenaRheumatology Unit, Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System (DS3) and Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
Cristina Macía-VillaRheumatology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
Louise FalzonSchool of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Stefan SiebertSchool of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Helena Marzo-OrtegaNational Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Chapel Allerton Hospital, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
Alexandre SeprianoNOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Pedro M MachadoDepartment of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: To perform a systematic literature review (SLR) to inform the EULAR Task Force "Points to Consider for the definitions of Difficult-to-Manage (D2M) and Treatment-Refractory (TR) psoriatic arthritis (PsA)". Methods: The SLR addressed 3 separate questions concerning the following: (1) prevalence, (2) outcomes, and (3) predictors of D2M/TR PsA. A search was conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and Epistemonikos from inception to March 3, 2024, as well as EULAR/ACR abstracts for 2023/24 and 2022/23, respectively. This systematic review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO. Data are summarised descriptively. Meta-analysis was not possible due to significant heterogeneity and/or lack of high-quality evidence. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Overall, 70, 4, and 25 articles/abstracts were included for questions 1, 2, and 3, respectively. For question 1, 30/70 records had low/moderate RoB, with the prevalence of D2T PsA ranging from 5% to 80% depending on both the timepoint at which prevalence was measured and the definition of D2M/TR PsA applied, which varied significantly between studies. For question 2, all records had a high RoB; therefore, no conclusions could be drawn. For question 3, all records had a moderate RoB, and 84 categories of potential predictors were identified, with large differences in strength and direction of association between studies. Conclusions: Despite significant heterogeneity in the published literature regarding the scope, definition, long-term outcomes, and predictors of D2M/TR PsA, certain patterns emerged that helped shape the final EULAR Task Force recommendations.

Identifiers

PMID42540123
PMCPMC13425173

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.