Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42540139›Full record

ArticleEULAR rheumatology open2026

Artificial intelligence in rheumatology and paediatric rheumatology: insights from an international survey by EMEUNET.

Saverio La Bella, Ana Isabel Rebollo-Giménez, Krystel Aouad, Latika Gupta, Tue Kragstrup, Deniz Bayraktar, Thomas Davergne, Davide Cangelosi, Thomas Hügle, Johannes Knitza and 13 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in EULAR rheumatology open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Saverio La BellaDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Ana Isabel Rebollo-GiménezHospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
Krystel AouadDepartment of Rheumatology, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Saint George University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Latika GuptaDepartment of Rheumatology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK.
Tue KragstrupDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Deniz BayraktarDepartment of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Türkiye.
Thomas DavergneUniversité Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Paris, France.
Davide CangelosiClinical Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
Thomas HügleDepartment of Rheumatology, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Johannes KnitzaInstitute for Digital Medicine, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Nicolino RupertoDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Vincenzo VeneritoDepartment of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Wilson Bautista-MolanoRheumatology Section, University Hospital Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogotá, School of Medicine Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.
Dzifa DeyRheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana.
Abdellah El MaghraouiRheumatology Office, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
Ihsane HmamouchiHealth Sciences Research Center (CReSS), Faculty of Medicine, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
Alison M HoensArthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Linda C LiArthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Angela MigowaAga Khan University Medical College East Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
Erin TreemarckiDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Nelly ZiadeRheumatology Department, Saint Joseph University, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
Alessandra AlongiDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Diego BenaventRheumatology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionising medicine. The aim of this study was to detail its use, opinions, knowledge, and concerns in rheumatology and paediatric rheumatology. Methods: A web-based survey open to all professionals working in the field was developed by the Emerging EULAR Network (EMEUNET) and disseminated between March and July 2025 in collaboration with other international rheumatology societies (AFLAR, ArLAR, CARRA, PAFLAR, PANLAR). The survey was divided into 4 sections: (i) participants' characteristics, (ii) AI use and applications, (iii) opinions and knowledge, and (iv) concerns, needs, and expectations. Results: Overall, 461 responses were collected from 59 countries. Respondents were mostly physicians who completed their training (316, 68.7%) and were based in Europe (170, 36.9%). Most participants (397, 86.7%) used AI for medical purposes, especially large language models (385, 83.7%) for grammar correction and brainstorming. Although there was broad optimism about its use (366, 79.6%), self-reported practical skills were predominantly basic or still in development (346, 75.1%), and knowledge was rarely defined as strong or expert-level (63, 13.7%). Concerns focused on ethics (314, 69%), lack of trust (316, 69.5%), and insufficient training (270, 59.3%). Disparities emerged across geographic regions in use, knowledge, and practical skills. Conclusions: AI is widely used and positively perceived in rheumatology, despite limited knowledge and practical skills, and regional disparities. Addressing gaps in ethics, transparency, and insufficient training through targeted education and implementation strategies will be essential to ensure an equitable and effective integration into clinical and research practice.

Identifiers

PMID42540139
PMCPMC13425164

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.