Integrated UPLC-MS/MS profiling and network pharmacology-based analysis of the anti-hyperglycemic potential of Baihu Jia Renshen Decoction combined with Sanghuangporus vaninii extract in mice.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder requiring multi-target therapeutic strategies. Traditional Chinese medicine offers potential multi-component interventions, yet the material basis and molecular mechanisms of novel formulations often remain incompletely defined. This study developed an integrated formula (FSV) combining a modified Baihu Jia Renshen Decoction with Sanghuangporus vaninii extract and explored its anti-hyperglycemic potential using chemical profiling, network pharmacology, in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition, and an STZ/HSHFD-induced hyperglycemic mouse model. A total of 2,413 database-matched features were annotated, most of which should be regarded as putative rather than standard-confirmed identifications. Mangiferin and several flavonoids were retained as plant/fungus-compatible candidate constituents, whereas implausible xenobiotic matches were excluded from biological interpretation. Network pharmacology predicted the involvement of inflammation- and insulin-resistance-related targets, including TNF, AKT1, IL6, NFKB1, and MAPK3 (also known as ERK1), whereas ALB was treated as a high-connectivity carrier protein rather than a direct druggable mediator. FSV inhibited α-glucosidase in vitro and was associated with improvements in hyperglycemia, insulin-sensitivity indices, dyslipidemia, and tissue morphology in the mouse model. These phenotypic findings are presented as experimental support accompanying the pathway predictions, while direct pathway validation is left for future mechanistic studies. Overall, the results provide a preliminary basis for further chemical validation and mechanistic investigation of FSV in diabetes-related metabolic dysfunction.