Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42541631›Full record

SynthesisEndocrine2026

Magnitude and factors associated with diabetes mellitus among people living with HIV/AIDS in Eastern Africa. Evidence from Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Zekarias Markos, Deginet Tesfaye Lonsako, Yegle Asrat Tekletsadik, Esubalew Muluneh Aligaz, Abraham Samuel Godebo, Temesgen Mamo, Abas Ali Hassen, Dawit Tafesse, Sintayehu Samuel Lorato, Dawit Alemu Lema

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Endocrine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Zekarias MarkosDepartment of Anesthesia, College of Health Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia. zekibegeta@gmail.com.
Deginet Tesfaye LonsakoDepartment of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.
Yegle Asrat TekletsadikDepartment of Anesthesia, College of Health Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.
Esubalew Muluneh AligazDepartment of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir dar University, Bahir dar, Ethiopia.
Abraham Samuel GodeboDepartment of Emergency Medical Technician, Hosanna Health Science College, Hosanna, Ethiopia.
Temesgen MamoDepartment of Anesthesia, College of Health Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.
Abas Ali HassenDepartment of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia.
Dawit TafesseDepartment of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia.
Sintayehu Samuel LoratoDepartment of Anesthesia, College of Health Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.
Dawit Alemu LemaDepartment of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved survival among people living with HIV (PLHIV) but increased the risk of non-communicable diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). In East Africa, estimates of DM prevalence among PLHIV vary widely, and contributing factors are not well defined. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of DM and identify associated risk factors among PLHIV in the region.

methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD420251129591). Databases including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar were searched for cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies reporting DM prevalence or associated factors among PLHIV aged ≥ 16 years in East Africa. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers, and study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. A random-effects model using DerSimonian-Laird method was applied to estimate pooled prevalence. Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran's Q and I², and publication bias was evaluated via funnel plot, Egger's test, and trim-and-fill analysis. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were pooled to identify factors associated with DM.

resultsA total of fourteen studies were included. The pooled prevalence of DM was 6.4% (95% CI: 4.3-9.7%; I² = 94.9%). Trim-and-fill analysis did not change the estimate. Significant risk factors included higher education (AOR = 8.56, 95% CI: 3.82-19.17), obesity/overweight (AOR = 6.68, 95% CI: 2.58-17.32), positive family history of diabetes (AOR = 7.60, 95% CI: 3.56-16.22), longer duration of ART (AOR = 4.78, 95% CI: 1.22-18.81), and history of hypertension (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.69-5.27). Male sex and elevated triglycerides were not significantly associated.

conclusionDM affects one in every 16 PLHIV in East Africa, with modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors identified. Integrating DM screening and preventive strategies into HIV care is critical to reduce cardio-metabolic complications.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusHIV InfectionsAfrica, EasternEast African PeopleEthiopiaHumansKenyaPrevalenceRisk FactorsTanzaniaUgandaAntiretroviral therapyDiabetes mellitusEast AfricaHIVMeta-analysisPrevalenceRisk factors

Identifiers

PMID42541631

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.