SynthesisInternational journal of nursing practice2026
The Rehabilitative Effects of Online Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises on Female Urinary Incontinence Across Various Life Stages: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of nursing practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
aimThis paper aims to evaluate the effects of online pelvic floor muscle training on urinary incontinence frequency, symptom severity, quality of life and adherence across defined female life stages.
backgroundUrinary incontinence is a significant public health issue affecting women's physical and mental well-being.
designThe paper is designed as a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. REVIEW
methodsNine databases were searched for RCTs of online PFMT in women with UI. Outcomes included UI incidence, symptom severity, quality of life and compliance. Data extraction, risk-of-bias (RoB 2) and GRADE assessment were performed. Random-effects meta-analyses used RevMan 5.4.
resultsSixteen studies were included. Online pelvic floor muscle training significantly reduced postpartum urinary incontinence incidence (RR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.82) and symptom severity (SMD = -0.25; 95% CI: -0.45 to -0.05), but not in elderly patients (SMD = -0.12; 95% CI: -0.25 to 0.02). Exercise compliance improved in both subgroups. No significant difference was found in quality of life. Moderate-to-high heterogeneity was observed.
conclusionsOnline pelvic floor muscle exercise may improve urinary incontinence outcomes across different life stages. In postpartum women, it reduces incontinence incidence, alleviates symptom severity and enhances training compliance, whereas in elderly patients, its benefit is limited to improved compliance.
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