ReviewEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2026
Thyroid cancer risk in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global population-based registry studies.
Review in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo examine the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and thyroid cancer (TC) risk.
methodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to September 1, 2025 for population-based registry studies that reported standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of TC in people living with HIV (PLHIV) compared with the general population was conducted. A random-effects model was used to pool SIRs, with subgroup analyses by national income level, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era and geographical region. Sensitivity analyses and publication bias tests were also performed.
resultsFourteen population-based registry studies involving 2,419,564 PLHIV and 1,088 incident TC cases were included. The pooled analysis showed that PLHIV had a lower risk of TC than the general population (SIR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.52-0.75). Subgroup analyses revealed a decreased risk in high-income countries (SIR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.51-0.68), while the risk estimate for low- and middle-income countries was based on only one study (SIR = 7.17, 95% CI 2.35-21.92). A lower risk was observed in the HAART era (SIR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.49-0.71), whereas no statistically significant difference in TC risk was detected in the pre-HAART era (SIR = 2.64, 95% CI 0.30-23.42). By region, risk was reduced in both North America (SIR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.54-0.70) and Europe (SIR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.29-0.85), while no statistically significant difference was observed in the Asian subgroup.
conclusionA reduced risk of TC was observed among PLHIV, but this association was modified by country income level, geographical region and treatment era.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42543426What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.