Evidence mapPaperPMID 42544277Full record

ReviewGlobal cardiology science & practice2026

Incretin-based therapies and PPARγ agonists as regulators of adipokines-Nrf2 axis in diabetic cardiovascular disease.

Israa O Kashmoola, Shatha H Mohammad, Mohammad H Alsaaty

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Global cardiology science & practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Israa O KashmoolaNineveh Health Directorate, Mosul, Nineveh Province, 41006, Iraq.
Shatha H MohammadUniversity of Mosul, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Mosul, Nineveh Province, 41002, Iraq.
Mohammad H AlsaatyUniversity of Mosul, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mosul, Nineveh Province, 41002, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Oxidative stress and adipokine imbalance are important contributors to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiovascular disease. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates antioxidant defense, while adipokines link metabolism and inflammation. Incretin-based therapies and PPARγ agonists may join on these pathways to provide cardiovascular protection beyond glycemic control. This review aims to investigate the current evidence on how incretin-based agents and PPARγ agonists regulate the adipokine-Nrf2 axis and their impact on cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus to include reviews, experimental, clinical, and translational studies published in English until November 2025. Evidence indicates that incretin-based agents and PPARγ agonists synergistically activate Nrf2 and inhibit NF-kB signaling, leading to improved oxidative status and favorable adipokine levels. Increased adiponectin and omentin, and suppressed resistin, leptin and TNF-α contribute to reduced inflammation and enhanced vascular and myocardial protection. Collectively, combined activation of incretin and PPARγ pathways modulates the adipokine-Nrf2 axis, offering joined antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits that may reduce diabetic cardiovascular risk.

Identifiers

PMID42544277
PMCPMC13429184

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.