ArticleBMC cancer2026
Precision oncology meets Generative AI: assessing large language models in multidisciplinary GIST tumor boards.
Article in BMC cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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12 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are molecularly heterogeneous neoplasms whose management depends on individualized, multidisciplinary decision-making. While multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTBs) represent the standard of care, access remains limited in many clinical settings. This study evaluates the performance of two large language models in generating GIST MTB recommendations and assesses their agreement with expert MTB decisions using predefined clinical evaluation criteria. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis retrospective single-center study included 99 GIST cases discussed at an institutional MTB. A structured prompt was developed to extract clinical variables and generate treatment recommendations. ChatGPT-5 and Qwen3 were independently evaluated across five predefined domains: diagnostic recommendations, therapeutic modalities, treatment sequence and timing, systemic therapy regimen selection, and clinical contextualization. Two expert reviewers scored all outputs in a blinded fashion. Normalized scores, inter-model comparisons, perfect-case rates, and inter-rater agreement were analyzed.
resultsBoth models demonstrated high concordance with expert MTB recommendations, with mean total normalized scores of 0.901 for ChatGPT-5 and 0.875 for Qwen3, without a significant difference between models (p > 0.05). Perfect agreement was observed in 52.5% of ChatGPT-5 cases and 48.5% of Qwen3 cases (p > 0.05). Diagnostic recommendations scored significantly lower than all other domains in both models (all adjusted p < 0.05). Overall inter-rater agreement was almost perfect (weighted Cohen's kappa=0.978).
conclusionsBoth models demonstrated high agreement with expert GIST MTB recommendations, with no significant performance difference between them. Diagnostic reasoning represented the weakest domain, reflecting the challenge of reconstructing context-dependent workup decisions from tumor board documentation. These findings support a potential assistive role for LLMs in GIST MTB workflows, while underscoring the continued necessity of expert oversight.
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