Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42547856›Full record

ArticleBMC cancer2026

Precision oncology meets Generative AI: assessing large language models in multidisciplinary GIST tumor boards.

Reza Dehdab, Judith Herrmann, Fiona Mankertz, Patrick Ghibes, Nour Maalouf, Sebastian Werner, Jens Strohäker, Katrin Benzler, Lars Zender, Saif Afat and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Reza DehdabDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Judith HerrmannDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Fiona MankertzDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Patrick GhibesDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Nour MaaloufDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Sebastian WernerDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Jens StrohäkerDepartment of General, Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Katrin BenzlerDepartment of Internal Medicine VIII - Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Lars ZenderDepartment of Internal Medicine VIII - Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Saif AfatDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Konstantin NikolaouDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Christoph K W DeinzerDepartment of Internal Medicine VIII - Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. christoph.deinzer@med.uni-tuebingen.de.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1961-9382

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are molecularly heterogeneous neoplasms whose management depends on individualized, multidisciplinary decision-making. While multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTBs) represent the standard of care, access remains limited in many clinical settings. This study evaluates the performance of two large language models in generating GIST MTB recommendations and assesses their agreement with expert MTB decisions using predefined clinical evaluation criteria. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis retrospective single-center study included 99 GIST cases discussed at an institutional MTB. A structured prompt was developed to extract clinical variables and generate treatment recommendations. ChatGPT-5 and Qwen3 were independently evaluated across five predefined domains: diagnostic recommendations, therapeutic modalities, treatment sequence and timing, systemic therapy regimen selection, and clinical contextualization. Two expert reviewers scored all outputs in a blinded fashion. Normalized scores, inter-model comparisons, perfect-case rates, and inter-rater agreement were analyzed.

resultsBoth models demonstrated high concordance with expert MTB recommendations, with mean total normalized scores of 0.901 for ChatGPT-5 and 0.875 for Qwen3, without a significant difference between models (p > 0.05). Perfect agreement was observed in 52.5% of ChatGPT-5 cases and 48.5% of Qwen3 cases (p > 0.05). Diagnostic recommendations scored significantly lower than all other domains in both models (all adjusted p < 0.05). Overall inter-rater agreement was almost perfect (weighted Cohen's kappa=0.978).

conclusionsBoth models demonstrated high agreement with expert GIST MTB recommendations, with no significant performance difference between them. Diagnostic reasoning represented the weakest domain, reflecting the challenge of reconstructing context-dependent workup decisions from tumor board documentation. These findings support a potential assistive role for LLMs in GIST MTB workflows, while underscoring the continued necessity of expert oversight.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal Stromal TumorsMedical OncologyPrecision MedicineClinical Decision-MakingGenerative Artificial IntelligenceHumansLarge Language ModelsRetrospective StudiesArtificial intelligence (AI)Clinical decision supportGastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)Large language models (LLMs)Multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTB)

Identifiers

PMID42547856
PMCPMC13435432

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.