ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Sex-stratified prognostic value of low skeletal muscle index in advanced non-small cell lung Cancer: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with poor outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but whether the prognostic association differs by sex remains unclear. We evaluated the sex-stratified association between low skeletal muscle index (SMI) and overall survival in patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 270 patients with advanced (stage III-IV) non-small cell lung cancer selected from a prospective cohort ( Results: During a median follow-up of 392 days, 145 deaths occurred (53.7% mortality). In males, low SMI was independently associated with increased mortality risk (adjusted HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.11-2.51, Conclusion: BIA-defined low skeletal muscle mass (low SMI) was independently associated with poorer overall survival in male patients with advanced NSCLC, whereas no statistically significant association was detected in women. Given the limited sample size and statistical power of the female subgroup, these sex-stratified findings should be interpreted cautiously. As this study evaluated low muscle mass rather than full AWGS-defined sarcopenia, the findings should be interpreted accordingly. These results, derived from a single-center retrospective cohort, are hypothesis-generating and require external validation in larger, multi-center cohorts before sex-stratified interpretation can be applied in clinical practice.
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