Evidence mapPaperPMID 42548748Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2026

Integrating cognitive-behavioral training with immersive virtual reality intervention in ADHD: a case report.

Carmela Settimo, Doriana Cantale Aeo, Antonino Lombardo Facciale, Laura Turriziani, Emanuela Tripodi, Caterina Impallomeni, Angelo Quartarone, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò, Francesca Cucinotta

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Carmela SettimoIRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy.
Doriana Cantale AeoIRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy.
Antonino Lombardo FaccialeIRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy.
Laura TurrizianiIRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy.
Emanuela TripodiIRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy.
Caterina ImpallomeniIRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy.
Angelo QuartaroneIRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy.
Rocco Salvatore CalabròIRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy.
Francesca CucinottaIRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a condition characterized by persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. This case highlights the potential benefit of integrating Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in the rehabilitation of a child with ADHD. It contributes to emerging evidence by showing how a combined approach may simultaneously target executive, attentional, and motor domains within a single intervention. Case presentation: An 8-year-old child with deficits in sustained and selective attention, impaired executive functioning (including planning and working memory), impulsivity, and difficulties in motor regulation, as revealed during baseline assessments, impacting daily functioning. The patient was diagnosed with combined-type ADHD and underwent a 12-week CBT intervention, followed by integrated IVR-CBT intervention targeting executive functions and self-control, once a week for 12 weeks. The intervention was conducted using the CAREN (Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment), an immersive virtual reality platform integrating multisensory input and interactive tasks to promote cognitive and motor engagement. Post-intervention assessments showed improvements in sustained and selective attention, planning, working memory, and balance. There was also an increase in involvement and a reduction in impulsivity. Conclusion: The findings support the hypothesis that immersive, embodied interventions targeting both executive and sensorimotor processes may represent a promising novelty adjunctive rehabilitation approach. Further studies are needed to evaluate efficacy, generalizability, and to confirm these findings in larger samples. This case report was prepared in accordance with the CARE Guidelines.

Indexed as

ADHDcase reportcognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)immersive virtual reality (IVR)interventionneurorehabilitationpediatric

Identifiers

PMID42548748
PMCPMC13429603

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.