Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42548776›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in oral health2026

Structural equation modeling to identify social and physical risk indicators of early childhood caries in suburban Nigerian population.

Farzana Haque, Fardous Hasan, Mohammad R Khami, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga, Maha El Tantawi, Simin Z Mohebbi, Moréniké Oluwátóyìn Foláyan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Farzana HaqueDepartment of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Fardous HasanDepartment of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Mohammad R KhamiResearch Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Roberto Ariel Abeldaño ZuñigaCentre for Social Data Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Maha El TantawiDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Simin Z MohebbiResearch Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Moréniké Oluwátóyìn FoláyanResearch Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a growing public health problem in low and middle-income countries like Nigeria. This study aimed to identify the social and physical risk indicators of ECC among children in the Ile-Ife Central Local Government Area of Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 895 mother-child dyads aged 0-60 months between December 2024 and January 2025. The outcome variable was ECC experience. The latent variable Results: Among 895 mother-child dyads, 66 children (7.4%) had ECC and 1.5% had PUFA ≥ 1. The model demonstrated good fit (CFI = 0.959, TLI = 0.952, RMSEA = 0.045). There was a significant positive association between SES and maternal knowledge ( Conclusion: The findings highlight that ECC in this population is primarily structured by socioeconomic position rather than knowledge alone, underscoring the need for interventions addressing structural inequalities and resource constraints alongside behavior change strategies.

Indexed as

biopsychosocial modelcommission on social determinants of healthoral hygienepublic health interventionssocial determinants of health

Identifiers

PMID42548776
PMCPMC13429854

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.