Evidence mapPaperPMID 42548795Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Tumor-associated neutrophils in lung adenocarcinoma: from mechanisms to therapeutic targeting.

Ruichen Zhang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Ruichen ZhangSchool of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the predominant subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), characterized by a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) where tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) exert dual functions-a concept now well-established in broader NSCLC and pan-cancer studies. Despite the advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), primary and acquired resistance remain major obstacles. This review comprehensively dissects the regulatory network of TANs in LUAD, including their recruitment via the CXCR1/CXCR2 axis, polarization towards anti-tumorigenic N1 or pro-tumorigenic N2 phenotypes under the influence of TGF-β and IFN-γ, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We highlight the dual functions of TANs and NETs in both tumor promotion (immunosuppression, angiogenesis, metastasis) and tumor suppression (direct cytotoxicity, antigen presentation). Furthermore, we evaluate current therapeutic strategies targeting TANs, such as CXCR1/2 inhibitors (SX-682, Navarixin), PAD4 inhibitors (Cl-amidine), NET-degrading enzymes (DNase I), TGF-β inhibitors (Galunisertib), and myeloid modulators, with a focus on LUAD-specific preclinical and clinical evidence. Major challenges, including off-target toxicity, infection risk, and the lack of predictive biomarkers, are discussed. By bridging mechanistic insights with translational opportunities, this review provides a framework for developing neutrophil-targeted combination therapies to overcome immunotherapy resistance in LUAD.

Indexed as

Adenocarcinoma of LungLung NeoplasmsNeutrophilsAnimalsExtracellular TrapsHumansReceptors, Interleukin-8BTumor MicroenvironmentReceptors, Interleukin-8Bimmunotherapy resistancelung adenocarcinomaN1/N2 polarizationneutrophil extracellular traps (NET)targeted therapytumor-associated neutrophils

Identifiers

PMID42548795
PMCPMC13429667

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.