ReviewQatar medical journal2026
New-onset adrenal insufficiency in COVID-19 patients without preexisting adrenal disease: A systematic review.
Review in Qatar medical journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is increasingly recognized as a multisystem disorder with potential endocrine sequelae. Emerging reports suggest that adrenal insufficiency (AI) may occur in patients with COVID-19 without preexisting adrenal disease, but the clinical spectrum and strength of evidence remain unclear. To systematically review the literature on new-onset AI associated with COVID-19 in patients without prior adrenal disorders, focusing on clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and underlying mechanisms. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to December 28, 2025. Eligible studies included observational studies, case reports, and case series reporting AI in COVID-19 patients without known adrenal disease. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Given the heterogeneity, a qualitative synthesis was conducted. Results: Nine primary studies (two observational studies and seven case reports) were included. Four narrative reviews were used solely for contextual discussion. Cases involved adults and children and occurred during acute infection or the post-COVID period. Most reports described biochemically confirmed central AI, while fewer reported primary AI due to adrenal infarction, hemorrhage, or autoimmune adrenalitis. Some presentations based mainly on steroid responsiveness were interpreted as probable critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency. Diagnostic thresholds and the use of ACTH stimulation testing varied. Most patients improved with glucocorticoid replacement. Conclusion: New-onset AI has been reported in temporal association with COVID-19 and may represent an infrequently reported but clinically significant endocrine manifestation. Prospective studies with standardized hormonal assessment are needed to clarify incidence, mechanisms, and screening strategies. Registration: The review was registered with PROSPERO under registration number CRD420251275141.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.