Evidence mapPaperPMID 42550985Full record

ArticleJMIR research protocols2026

A Digital Dietary Assessment Tool for a Multicultural Population (Intake24 Malaysia): Protocol for a Development and Validation Study.

Nik Nur Izzati Nik Mohd Fakhruddin, Shaleen Tho Rajasegaram, Nurul Natasha Osman, Emma Foster, Choon Ming Ng, Nur Suraiya Abu Hassan Shaari, Tracy McCaffrey, Christopher Prawira, Patrick Olivier, Jessica Watterson and 1 more

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Article in JMIR research protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Nik Nur Izzati Nik Mohd Fakhruddin *Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia, 60 5146000.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-4888-244X
Shaleen Tho Rajasegaram *Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia, 60 5146000.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-6952-2359
Nurul Natasha OsmanJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia, 60 5146000.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-9794-2059
Emma FosterAction Lab, Department of Human-Centred Computing, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6279-588X
Choon Ming NgCentre for Holistic Initiatives for Learning and Development (CHILD), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1754-1909
Nur Suraiya Abu Hassan ShaariFaculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Dietetics Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-3278-4957
Tracy McCaffreyDepartment of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-3083
Christopher PrawiraAction Lab, Department of Human-Centred Computing, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-3091-6624
Patrick OlivierJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia, 60 5146000.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-7580
Jessica WattersonJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia, 60 5146000.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0619-0661
Amutha RamadasJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia, 60 5146000.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8238-9659

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Malaysia is a multicultural country with the main ethnic groups being Malays, Chinese, and Indians. This diversity creates a rich food culture with distinct dishes, cooking styles, and portion sizes, making dietary assessment challenging. Intake24 is a web-based 24-hour dietary recall (24hDR) system that automates data collection, reduces recall bias, and saves time. It supports self-reporting of the previous day's food and beverage intake using structured prompts, searchable food lists, portion-size images, and linked food composition data. As it was originally developed in the United Kingdom, adaptation for Malaysia is needed to address differences in language, food culture, mixed dishes, portion sizes, terminology, and local food composition data. Objective: This paper aims to describe a protocol for the development and relative validation of Intake24 Malaysia (Intake24-MY) for the Malaysian population. Methods: This paper describes 2 phases in adapting Intake24-MY: (1) the development process and (2) the validation study. Phase 1 consists of the following components: (1a) system translation, which will involve machine translation tools and bilingual translators; (1b) food list development, which includes Malaysian and globally familiar foods; (1c) 4 options for portion-size estimation and a photograph validation study; (1d) food composition data and recipe calculation; (1e) small-scale testing, which will involve 10 adults identifying the foods and technical issues, with pilot testing conducted among 100 adults to compare 2 days of dietary intake using Intake24-MY against an interviewer-led 24hDR; and (1f) user guide development. Phase 2 consists of the following components: (2a) a single-meal validation study that will be conducted among 100 adults, comparing Intake24-MY with observed intake and (2b) a cross-sectional study that will be conducted among 482 Malaysian adults, comparing 4 days of dietary intake using Intake24-MY against an interviewer-led 24hDR. A structured questionnaire will be used to assess the feedback on the usability of Intake24-MY. The Bland-Altman method will be used to determine the agreement between these methods. Results: The study was funded in December 2023, with data collection starting in June 2024 and continuing. Data analysis is set to begin in August 2026, with results expected by 2027. This study has received approval from the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (MUHREC ID 41337). Conclusions: Intake24-MY is being developed as a multilingual digital dietary assessment tool for Malaysia. The planned validation study will determine its agreement with interviewer-led 24hDRs and assess its usability among Malaysian adults. If shown to be valid and acceptable, Intake24-MY can support more efficient dietary data collection in Malaysia's multicultural population.

Indexed as

Diet SurveysNutrition AssessmentCultural DiversityDietDiet RecordsHumansMalaysiaPortion SizeValidation Studies as Topicdietary intakeethnicityMalaysianutrition assessmentsurveys and questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID42550985
PMCPMC13436792

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.