Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42552009›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2026

Does the I-CARE e-learning programme improve primary care physicians' competence in LGBTI health? Protocol for a two-arm, parallel-group, superiority randomised controlled trial in French-speaking Switzerland (EFFICARE study).

Katja Bergonzoli, Gora da Rocha Rodrigues, María Del Río Carral, Jelena Stanic, Xavier Mabire, Séverine Bochatay, Michael Amiguet, Yolanda Mueller, Patrick Bodenmann, Mauricio Avendano and 1 more

Abstract readClinical Trial Protocol
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Katja BergonzoliCenter for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-7898-8878
Gora da Rocha RodriguesHESAV School of Health Sciences-Vaud, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-7136-8345
María Del Río CarralInstitute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-1676-3964
Jelena StanicHESAV School of Health Sciences-Vaud, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0008-8308-6079
Xavier MabireInstitute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-9058-0085
Séverine BochatayHESAV School of Health Sciences-Vaud, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0000-4136-3420
Michael AmiguetCenter for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8814-2043
Yolanda MuellerCenter for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.
Patrick BodenmannCenter for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-1058-1035
Mauricio AvendanoCenter for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-7295-2911
Raphaël BizeCenter for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland raphael.bize@unisante.ch.ORCID 0000-0001-5626-4628

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or non-binary and intersex (LGBTI) populations experience persistent health inequities, including poorer mental and physical health outcomes and higher unmet healthcare needs compared with non-LGBTI populations. These inequities are partly attributable to insufficient training of primary care physicians (PCPs) in LGBTI health. However, evidence on effective and scalable training interventions for PCPs remains limited, particularly outside North America. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a self-directed e-learning programme-Improving Care and Access for Rainbow Equity (I-CARE)-designed to improve PCPs' knowledge, attitudes, skills and behaviours related to LGBTI health. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct a type I effectiveness-implementation hybrid, two-arm, parallel-group, superiority randomised controlled trial among PCPs practising in French-speaking Switzerland. Eligible physicians will be randomly assigned (1:1) to either the I-CARE programme (intervention) or an e-learning programme on motivational interviewing (control) matched for format and duration. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, immediately postintervention and at the 3-month follow-up. The primary outcomes are knowledge and attitudes towards LGBTI patients assessed at the postintervention time point using validated scales. Superiority will be declared if the intervention group is statistically significantly superior to the control group on at least one primary outcome and statistically significantly inferior on neither primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include skills, self-reported behaviours and the presence of LGBTI-inclusive environmental cues. Effectiveness will be analysed using generalised estimating equations. Implementation outcomes will be evaluated using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Participants will provide electronic informed consent. All study data will be managed and stored on secure servers hosted by the Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV). All information will be handled in strict accordance with the Swiss Federal Act on Data Protection. The project was approved by the Central Ethics Commission of the University of Lausanne on 7 July 2025 (C_Services centraux_052025_00018). Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific publications and lay summaries intended for the public, Swiss PCPs and LGBTI communities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN93781961 (11 March 2026, updated 14 July 2026).

Indexed as

Clinical CompetenceEducation, Medical, ContinuingPhysicians, Primary CareSexual and Gender MinoritiesEquivalence Trials as TopicFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansMaleRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSwitzerlandHealth EquityMEDICAL EDUCATION & TRAININGPrimary CareRandomized Controlled TrialSexual and Gender MinoritiesVulnerable Populations

Identifiers

PMID42552009
PMCPMC13448573

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.