Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42552233›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes2026

Serum 1,5-Anhydroglucitol Identifies Residual Mortality Risk Beyond Time in Range in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study.

Jiaying Ni, Lei Chen, Hang Su, Jingyi Guo, Chunfang Wang, Yufei Wang, Jingyi Lu, Jian Zhou, Tian Xia, Feng Jiang

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jiaying NiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Lei ChenVital Statistical Department, Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Hang SuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Jingyi GuoClinical Research Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Chunfang WangVital Statistical Department, Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Yufei WangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Jingyi LuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Jian ZhouDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1534-2279
Tian XiaVital Statistical Department, Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5938-3761
Feng JiangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0779-1732

Funding

Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2024ZD0532000Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2024ZD0532001Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen SZSM202311019Shanghai Action Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation 23JS1401000Shanghai Leading Talent Program of Eastern Talent Plan LJ2024121Shanghai Oriental Talent Program (Outstanding Project)Shenzhen Medical Research Fund C2406002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe combined prognostic value of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics and circulating glucose biomarkers for predicting mortality in type 2 diabetes has not been fully established, particularly regarding residual risk in patients achieving glycemic targets.

methodsThis cohort study included 3677 patients with type 2 diabetes for a median of 7.4 years follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the associations of baseline CGM-derived time in range (TIR) (target 70%) and serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) (threshold 6.0 μg/mL) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the overall population. We further examined the relationship between 1,5-AG and mortality within TIR subgroups and compared its performance with metrics of glycemic variability derived from CGM.

resultsDuring follow-up, 522 all-cause deaths and 181 cardiovascular deaths occurred. TIR and 1,5-AG were moderately correlated and independently predicted mortality, with concurrent low TIR (≤ 70%) and low 1,5-AG (< 6.0 μg/mL) yielding the highest risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.82, 95% CI 1.40-2.37). In stratified analyses, reduced 1,5-AG was significantly associated with increased mortality risk in patients with TIR > 70% (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.25-2.28), whereas no significant association was observed in those with TIR ≤ 70%. Adding 1,5-AG improved traditional risk prediction in the former subgroup. Compared with 1,5-AG, CGM-derived glycemic variability indices such as mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, coefficient of variation, and standard deviation of glucose showed no significant association with mortality.

conclusionsTIR and serum 1,5-AG offer independent and complementary value, with low 1,5-AG identifying residual mortality risk despite achieving TIR targets.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDeoxyglucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2AgedBiomarkersBlood GlucoseCohort StudiesContinuous Glucose MonitoringFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisProportional Hazards ModelsRisk Factors1,5-anhydroglucitolBiomarkersBlood GlucoseDeoxyglucose1,5‐anhydroglucitolall‐cause mortalitycontinuous glucose monitoringtime in rangetype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42552233
PMCPMC13437425

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.