ArticleBMC psychiatry2026
Interaction of serum resistin and smoking behavior in predicting depression risk: a sex-sensitive analysis.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAffective disorders often co-occur with behavioral risk factors like smoking, and chronic metabolic disorders like obesity or type 2 diabetes. One possible regulation factor in these comorbidities could be resistin, an adipokine involved in inflammation and insulin resistance. Here, we investigate these factors in depressed patients, in a sex-sensitive approach.
methodsWe assessed depression symptoms in a sex-balanced cohort using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Male Depression Risk Scale. We further evaluated smoking behavior using self-report and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Resistin levels were measured in blood samples.
resultsHigher resistin levels were associated with increased risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) in a sex- and smoking-dependent manner, with the strongest effect observed in female smokers and ex-smokers. No association was found between resistin and depression severity, while alcohol use emerged as the strongest predictor of masculine depression symptoms.
conclusionThis study demonstrates that resistin interacts with smoking and sex to increase MDD risk, particularly in female smokers/ex-smokers, highlighting the importance of preventive strategies targeting depression risk in women with comorbid risk behaviors such as smoking.
trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register ID DRKS00015291, registration date 2020-01-06, retrospectively registered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.