Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42553585›Full record

ArticleClinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology2026

Overlap of Frailty and Depression and Its Association With Cardiovascular Disease: A Population-Based Study.

Diego Armando Pérez Covo, Cristian Orlando Porras Bueno, Diego Alejandro Ortega Gomez, Sofía Rodríguez Urrego, Ana Sofía Trujillo Henao, Andres Felipe Camargo Abello, Catalina Arbelaez Hoyos, Fabian Gil, Rodrigo Castro Paris, Edward Andres Cáceres Méndez and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Diego Armando Pérez CovoDepartamento de Medicina Interna, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Cristian Orlando Porras BuenoDepartamento de Medicina Interna, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9618-0744
Diego Alejandro Ortega GomezDepartamento de Medicina Interna, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Sofía Rodríguez UrregoDepartamento de Geriatría, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Ana Sofía Trujillo HenaoDepartamento de Medicina Interna, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Andres Felipe Camargo AbelloDepartamento de Medicina Interna, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Catalina Arbelaez HoyosDepartamento de Medicina Interna, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Fabian GilDepartamento de Epidemiología y Bioestadística, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Rodrigo Castro ParisDepartamento de Medicina Interna, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Edward Andres Cáceres MéndezDepartamento de Medicina Interna, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Ángel Alberto García PeñaDepartamento de Medicina Interna, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Depression and frailty are prevalent geriatric syndromes. Their co-occurrence may define a phenotype of heightened cardiovascular disease (CVD). In Latin America the joint association of these syndromes with CVD has not been previously characterised. Objective: To evaluate the association between the overlap of depression and frailty and the prevalence of CVD in older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2015 SABE Colombia study. Adults aged ≥60 years with complete information on depression, frailty, and history of acute myocardial infarction or stroke defined as CVD were included. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using bivariate and multivariate log-binomial regression models. Results: 18,973 participants were analysed (mean age 69.3 ± 7.1 years; 56% women). The prevalence of depression, frailty, and CVD was 57.3%, 3.5%, and 15.4%, respectively. In bivariate analyses, depression (PR 1.83, 95% CI 1.51-2.23), prefrailty (PR 1.61, 95% CI 1.50-1.73), and frailty (PR 2.91, 95% CI 2.57-3.28) were associated with CVD. In multivariate model, the overlap of depression and frailty demonstrated the strongest association with CVD (PR 4.86; 95% CI 3.37-7.01), exceeding that of depression with prefrailty and each condition individually. This association persisted after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (PR 2.05, 95% CI 1.05-3.97). Conclusion: In older adults, the overlap of depression and frailty remained associated with a higher prevalence of CVD after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Although the association was attenuated after adjustment, the coexistence of both conditions remained associated with increased cardiovascular burden.

Indexed as

cardiovascular diseasescross-sectional studiesdepressionfrailtygeriatrics

Identifiers

PMID42553585
PMCPMC13434886

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.