ReviewJournal of internal medicine2026
Advances in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: Biologicals, small-molecular agents, and cell-depleting therapies coming to the clinic.
Review in Journal of internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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1 author.
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; lupus) remains a particular challenge for the practicing clinician on account of its chronic undulating and unpredictable course, its diverse manifestations, and-until recently-limited treatment options all associated with considerable downsides. However, a major change in this situation is currently taking place. Over the past few years, several new biological therapeutics have been approved for the treatment of SLE (belimumab and anifrolumab) or specifically for its renal organ manifestation (obinutuzumab), along with one new small molecular treatment for the latter (voclosporin). Several additional biologicals (litifilimab and dapirolizumab) and small molecules (deucravacitinib, upadacitinib, and cerenimod) are in late-stage clinical development. Moreover, multiple case series and case reports have been published in the past years demonstrating excellent individual results following treatments aimed at fully depleting B lymphocytes using chimeric antigen receptor bearing T cells (CAR-T cells) or bi-specific T-cell engagers. These reports have raised hopes that not only solid disease control, but also a more profound state of immunological reset-deep remission-can be attained in at least some patients. In this narrative review, these developments will be described, emphasizing both the promises and the challenges they bring about, leading into some predictions of where they may lead to. A reasonable expectation is that in the coming 1-2 years, several additional biologicals and small-molecular agents will be approved for the treatment of lupus. The most important conclusion is that the future for our patients with lupus looks brighter than ever before.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.