Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42557342›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Evaluation of Moringa oleifera extract and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as therapeutic agents against chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice.

Ashraf M Barakat, Doaa Amer, Fatma El-Lessy, Mona Elderbawy, Rehab Mohamed El Shahat, Sabry A S Sadek, Reda M Abdelhameed

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ashraf M BarakatDepartment of Zoonotic Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Buhouth Street, Dokki, Post Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
Doaa AmerDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Fatma El-LessyDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Mona ElderbawyDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Rehab Mohamed El ShahatDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Sabry A S SadekDepartment of Zoonotic Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Buhouth Street, Dokki, Post Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
Reda M AbdelhameedApplied Organic Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. reda_nrc@yahoo.com.ORCID 0000-0003-1700-5361

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic infection caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, remains a significant global health concern, with seroprevalence exceeding 60% in specific regions. Given the limitations of current therapies for chronic stages, this study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of Moringa oleifera (MO) extract and MO-loaded copper-based metal-organic frameworks (MO@L-AA-Cu) in a murine model. Sixty-five female Swiss albino mice were utilized. Following the establishment of a negative control group (n=5), the remaining mice were orally inoculated with 20 cysts of the T. gondii ME49 strain to induce chronic infection. Treatment efficacy was evaluated via brain cyst quantification, histopathological examination of the brain, eyes, and spleen, and molecular analysis using RT-PCR. All treatment groups exhibited significant reductions in parasitic load compared to the positive control. The highest reduction was observed in group G3e (73.61%), followed by G3c (61.64%), G3d (56.91%), G3a (54.64%), and G3b (44.33%). Histopathological findings demonstrated a marked attenuation of inflammatory infiltrates, fibrosis, and structural tissue damage in groups receiving MO and Spiramycin encapsulated within Cu-MOFs. RT-PCR results corroborated these findings, identifying the lowest parasite DNA levels in the G3e cohort. The integration of MO extract and Spiramycin into L-AA-Cu MOFs significantly enhances their antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory properties. These findings suggest that MO-loaded MOFs represent a promising nanotherapeutic platform for the treatment of chronic toxoplasmosis, offering superior efficacy over conventional formulations.

Indexed as

Moringa oleiferaPlant ExtractsToxoplasmaToxoplasmosisToxoplasmosis, AnimalAnimalsBrainChronic DiseaseCopperDisease Models, AnimalFemaleMiceCopperPlant ExtractsCu-MOFsHistopathologyMoringa OliferaRT-PCRToxoplasmosisTreatment

Identifiers

PMID42557342
PMCPMC13444318

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.