Evidence mapPaperPMID 42558261Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Neural-immune-cardiovascular axis: from mechanistic crosstalk to therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease.

Junkang Cheng, Shuang Gao, Haowei Zhang, Wei Gao, Zeyuan Mei, Xiaoling Liu, Jocelyn Gao, Chenghu Guo, Guipeng An

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Junkang Cheng *State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research of Ministry of Education (MOE), National Health Commission (NCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Shandong Province; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Shuang Gao *Department of Cardiology, Jinan First People's Hospital, Jinan, China.
Haowei ZhangState Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research of Ministry of Education (MOE), National Health Commission (NCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Shandong Province; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Wei GaoState Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research of Ministry of Education (MOE), National Health Commission (NCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Shandong Province; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Zeyuan MeiState Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research of Ministry of Education (MOE), National Health Commission (NCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Shandong Province; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Xiaoling LiuState Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research of Ministry of Education (MOE), National Health Commission (NCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Shandong Province; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Jocelyn GaoThe Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Chenghu GuoState Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research of Ministry of Education (MOE), National Health Commission (NCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Shandong Province; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Guipeng AnState Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research of Ministry of Education (MOE), National Health Commission (NCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Shandong Province; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The neural-immune-cardiovascular axis represents an emerging and highly integrated physiological and pathophysiological concept, describing a complex bidirectional communication network between the nervous, immune, and vascular systems. This review systematically examines the pivotal role of this axis in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. We first provide an overview of the fundamental signaling pathways between the components of this axis. Subsequently, we delve into the specific crosstalk mechanisms within the axis in the context of major cardiovascular conditions, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. A central focus is placed on critically evaluating the potential therapeutic targets and intervention strategies that have emerged from our understanding of this axis's mechanisms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective for understanding the multi-system pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and for informing the development of novel therapeutic approaches.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular SystemImmune SystemNeuroimmunomodulationAnimalsAutonomic Nervous SystemHumansSignal Transductionatherosclerosisautonomic nervous systemcardiovascular diseasesinflammationneural-immune-cardiovascular axisneuroimmunitytherapeutic targets

Identifiers

PMID42558261
PMCPMC13437311

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.