Evidence mapPaperPMID 42558729Full record

ArticleHealth science reports2026

Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Middle East and North Africa Region From 1990 to 2021.

Nahid Karamzad, Mohammad Rahmanian, Reza Aletaha, Mark J M Sullman, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Fikrettin Şahin, Saeid Safiri

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Article in Health science reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Nahid KaramzadSocial Determinants of Health Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran.
Mohammad RahmanianGastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0024-1934
Reza AletahaSocial Determinants of Health Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran.
Mark J M SullmanDepartment of Life and Health Sciences University of Nicosia Nicosia Cyprus.
Ali-Asghar KolahiSocial Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
Fikrettin ŞahinDepartment of Genetics and Bioengineering Yeditepe University Istanbul Turkey.
Saeid SafiriResearch Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7986-9072

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a major and rapidly growing public health challenge worldwide, particularly in regions undergoing rapid demographic and lifestyle transitions. The present study aimed to report the burden and trends associated with T2DM in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 were used to report the prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of T2DM in the 21 MENA countries. Results: In 2021, the MENA region had an age-standardized T2DM prevalence of 8961.4 (95% UI: 8330.5-9640.4) per 100,000. The highest prevalence rates were recorded in Iraq (15,052.7), Qatar (15,006.6), and Kuwait (14,772.5), while the lowest were observed in Yemen (5688.4), Turkey (6372.4), and Iran (6684.4). The age-standardized mortality rate was 28.9 (95% UI: 25.6-32.1) per 100,000, with Bahrain (126.2), Qatar (76.8), and Egypt (55.3) reporting the highest rates, and Yemen (14.4), Tunisia (16.5), and Sudan (17.9) the lowest. Between 1990 and 2021, the largest increases in prevalence were seen in Egypt (+310.6%), Morocco (+189.1%), and Afghanistan (+178.6%), while Morocco (+101.1%), Egypt (+89.9%), and Libya (+83.7%) had the largest increases in mortality. A V-shaped association was identified between DALY rates and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Conclusion: The burden of T2DM in the MENA region increased considerably between 1990 and 2021, with marked differences across countries, age groups, and sexes. These findings underscore the critical need for country-specific approaches to prevent, manage, and reduce the burden of T2DM.

Indexed as

epidemiologymortalityprevalencesocioeconomic factorsType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID42558729
PMCPMC13438175

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.