Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42561916›Full record

ArticleCell2026

Complex subtelomeric architectures in a complete rhesus macaque reference genome.

Shilong Zhang, Ning Xu, Yong Lu, Yanhong Nie, Zhengtong Li, Luciana de Gennaro, Alessandra La Torraca, Lianting Fu, Zhendong Zhang, Jieyi Chen and 10 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Shilong ZhangBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Ning XuInstitute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Yong LuInstitute of Advanced Studies Hong Kong, Sun Yat-sen University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Zhongshan School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, ShenZhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory, Southern China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.
Yanhong NieInstitute of Advanced Studies Hong Kong, Sun Yat-sen University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Zhongshan School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, ShenZhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory, Southern China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.
Zhengtong LiBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Luciana de GennaroDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Alessandra La TorracaDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Lianting FuBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Zhendong ZhangBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Jieyi ChenBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Kaiyue MaBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Xiangyu YangBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Juan ZhangBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Matthew T SchmitzAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
Francesca AntonacciDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Trygve E BakkenAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
Mario VenturaDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Adam M PhillippyGenome Informatics Section, Center for Genomics and Data Science Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Qiang SunInstitute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Institute of Advanced Studies Hong Kong, Sun Yat-sen University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Zhongshan School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, ShenZhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory, Southern China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: qsun@ion.ac.cn.
Yafei MaoBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Center for Genomic Research, International Institutes of Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: yafmao@sjtu.edu.cn.

Funding

Single-molecule sequence assembly and analysisZIAHG200398 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI PHILLIPPY, ADAM · 2016 to 2025
$15.9M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA HG200398
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We present T2T-MMU8v2.0, a near-perfect telomere-to-telomere assembly of the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), representing high base-level accuracy reported in a primate genome. Our optimized assembly strategy exposes subtelomeric satellite-rich regions as the principal bottleneck in obtaining full assemblies, owing to long-read technological biases and limitations in hybrid assembly frameworks. By resolving ∼8 Mbp of SATR satellite arrays and discovering 268 previously unannotated repeat families, we define four distinct SATR genomic architectures, each with unique satellite composition, segmental duplication organization, and epigenetic signatures, which are distinct from the subtelomeric architectures observed in hominid genomes. These regions harbor 58 actively transcribed genes, suggesting gene innovation within these repetitive regions. Functionally, T2T-MMU8v2.0 improves alignment accuracy and chromatin accessibility detection, enabling a finer resolution in population variation and regulatory elements. Together, this work establishes a benchmark for primate genomics and illustrates the functional and evolutionary importance of previously inaccessible structures of the genome.

Indexed as

GenomeMacaca mulattaTelomereAnimalsDNA, SatelliteGenomicsDNA, Satellitecomplete genomeduplicated genesgenome organizationlong-read sequencingprimate evolutionrepeat elementssequencing biassubtelomeric architecturetelomere-to-telomere genome assembly

Identifiers

PMID42561916
PMCPMC13454962

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.