Evidence mapPaperPMID 42564172Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Microbiome as a prediction of immunotherapy response in lung cancer.

Leonardo Rojas, Jairo Zuluaga, Andrés F Cardona

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Leonardo RojasThoracic Tumors Unit, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center-CTIC, Bogotá, Colombia.
Jairo ZuluagaThoracic Tumors Unit, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center-CTIC, Bogotá, Colombia.
Andrés F CardonaThoracic Tumors Unit, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center-CTIC, Bogotá, Colombia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of lung cancer (LC), offering durable responses in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and, to a lesser extent, small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Nevertheless, clinical outcomes remain highly heterogeneous, with many patients experiencing primary or acquired resistance and/or immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that impair their quality of life and treatment adherence. The human microbiome, particularly in the gut and oral compartments, has emerged as a critical modulator of systemic antitumor immunity and a promising noninvasive predictive biomarker for ICI efficacy and toxicity. This narrative review synthesizes the current evidence on microbiome composition, diversity, and function in patients with LC receiving ICIs as monotherapy, dual blockade, or in combination regimens, as well as clinically relevant biomarkers associated with treatment response and toxicity. Higher gut microbial alpha diversity and enrichment of beneficial taxa (e.g.,

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyLung NeoplasmsMicrobiotaAnimalsHumansTreatment OutcomeImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorsgut microbiomeimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapy responselung canceroral microbiomepredictive biomarkers

Identifiers

PMID42564172
PMCPMC13442445

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.