ArticleClinical hypertension2026
Prevalence of adherence to antihypertensive treatment: a comparison of drug biochemical analysis and the self-report scale.
Article in Clinical hypertension, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Assessing adherence to antihypertensive medication remains a major challenge for healthcare professionals. The objective of this study was to compare the evaluation of adherence to antihypertensive medication between direct and indirect methods, and to identify variables associated with nonadherence. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 253 persons with hypertension followed at a hypertension unit of a tertiary teaching hospital. Participants aged over 18 years and under antihypertensive drug treatment were included. Persons with secondary hypertension, end-stage chronic kidney disease, or pregnancy were excluded. Biopsychosocial, anthropometric, lifestyle, comorbidity, and medication data were collected. Indirect assessment of treatment adherence was performed using the 4-item Morisky-Green Medication Adherence Scale, while direct assessment was based on urine analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Variables with Results: The sample consisted predominantly of women (61.7%), white individuals (63.2%), and married participants (52.8%), with a mean age of 65 ± 13.3 years and median education of 12.0 (7-12) years. Participants were using an average of 3.2 ± 1.3 antihypertensive drugs, and 69.2% had controlled blood pressure (BP). The prevalence of adherence according to the direct method was 32.4%, while 90.1% were adherent according to the indirect method. Agreement between the direct and indirect methods was low (CKC = 0.014). Variables independently associated with nonadherence according to the direct method were regular physical activity (odds ratio [OR], 0.370; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.158-0.853), proteinuria (OR, 2.406; 95% CI, 1.066-5.751), number of antihypertensive medications (OR, 1.570; 95% CI, 1.127-2.225), and systolic BP (OR, 1.051; 95% CI, 1.010-1.097). Indirect adherence assessment was associated only with the presence of common mental disorders (OR, 1.163; 95% CI, 1.035-1.307). Conclusions: The prevalence of adherence to antihypertensive drug treatment assessed by the indirect method was substantially higher than that observed with the direct method. The results were inconsistent between the 2 approaches. Moreover, the direct method identified a broader range of variables associated with nonadherence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.