Evidence mapPaperPMID 42564808Full record

ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific2026

National and subnational burden of mental disorders in China, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

Yanlong Li, Xuequan Zhu, Lili Shang, Bin Zou, Ling Zhang, Peipei Xu, Lijun Wang, Maigeng Zhou, Damian Santomauro, Peng Yin and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Yanlong LiNational Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
Xuequan ZhuBeijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Research and Development for Mental Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders; National Center for Mental Disorders; Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
Lili ShangBeijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Research and Development for Mental Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders; National Center for Mental Disorders; Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
Bin ZouNational Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
Ling ZhangBeijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Research and Development for Mental Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders; National Center for Mental Disorders; Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
Peipei XuBeijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Research and Development for Mental Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders; National Center for Mental Disorders; Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
Lijun WangNational Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
Maigeng ZhouNational Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
Damian SantomauroQueensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia.
Peng YinNational Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
Gang WangBeijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Research and Development for Mental Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders; National Center for Mental Disorders; Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Mental disorders represent a growing public health priority in China. Existing studies have largely relied on superseded data iterations and focused on specific population subsets or disease categories, leaving a gap in understanding the full epidemiological landscape of mental health across the country. This study provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive assessment of the burden of mental disorders in China and its provinces, utilizing the latest estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023. Methods: Following the GBD 2023 methodology, we systematically analyzed epidemiological and demographic data to assess the prevalence, disability-adjusted life year (DALY), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) for mental disorders and ten subtypes in China and its 33 provincial-level administrative units from 1990 to 2023. Findings: In 2023, the estimated ASPR of mental disorders in China was 12,706 (95% uncertainty interval: 11,438, 14,573) per 100,000 population, reflecting a 14.6% (3.5, 30.7) increase since 1990. The ASDR reached 1718 (1272, 2307) per 100,000, rising by 18.4% (5.3, 36.9) over the past three decades. Depressive and anxiety disorders remained the dominant contributors, accounting for 35.6% and 26.3% of overall DALYs attributable to mental disorders, respectively. Furthermore, eating disorders exhibited the largest growth in ASPR (63.4% [58.2, 68.2]). Substantial subnational variations were observed, with the highest ASPRs in Hong Kong, Gansu, Macao, and Shandong, and the largest percentage increases in Macao, Hubei, Hong Kong, Xizang, and Ningxia. Females experienced a higher ASPR from depressive disorders, while males bore a heavier burden of autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and conduct disorder. Across the lifespan, the burden of DALYs was relatively higher in the 5-19, 30-39, and 50-59 age groups. Interpretation: China has witnessed a substantial escalation in the burden of mental disorders over the past three decades. This complex epidemiological landscape, characterized by distinct regional, sex, and age-specific vulnerabilities, underscores the necessity for structural balancing and targeted life-course interventions. These up-to-date estimates provide a valuable evidence base for policymakers to further optimize resource allocation and implement tailored life-course interventions within the "Healthy China 2030" framework. Funding: Sci-Tech Innovation 2030-Major Project of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology (No. 2021ZD0200600); 2025 China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) Young Science and Technology Talents Cultivation Project-Special Program for Doctoral Students.

Indexed as

ChinaEpidemiologyGlobal burden of diseaseHealthy China 2030Mental disorders

Identifiers

PMID42564808
PMCPMC13445524

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.