ArticlePain reports2026
Comorbidities and associated factors of painful temporomandibular disorder symptoms in the BigMouth Dental Data Repository.
Article in Pain reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction/Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are associated with multiple comorbidities; however, specific comorbidities may be differentially associated with painful and nonpainful TMD. We describe the prevalence of TMD symptoms, quantified associated comorbidities, and identified associated factors of painful TMD symptoms in a large database. Methods: Data were extracted from BigMouth repository (January 2014-May 2025) for adults with responses to TMD-related items of "pain upon chewing/talking/jaw use" (used to classify patients into self-reported "painful" vs "nonpainful TMD symptoms"), "jaw popping/clicking," and "jaw locking." Associations between painful TMD and comorbidities were calculated with χ Results: Of 259,768 patients (46.5 ± 17.8 years old, 51.4% women), common symptoms were tooth grinding (21.3%), headaches (23.3%), pain on chewing (9.5%), temporomandibular joint noises (21.6%), and jaw locking (3.1%). Compared with those with nonpainful TMD, those with self-reported painful TMD symptoms had significantly higher prevalence of headaches (38.8% vs 16.1%, PR = 2.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.36-2.46), arthritis (19.4% vs 16.1%, PR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.15-1.26), depression (34.7% vs 18.1%, PR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.84-1.98), anxiety (29.9% vs 21.8%, PR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.31-1.43), sleep apnea (17.7% vs 9.1%, PR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.86-2.05), and gastrointestinal issues (16.4% vs 9.8%, PR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.58-1.77, all Conclusion: Painful TMD is strongly associated with psychological and somatic comorbidities. Accumulation of somatic comorbidities increases TMD risk, highlighting the need of integrated medical-dental approaches to TMD care.
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