ReviewMedical oncology (Northwood, London, England)2026
Current status and challenges of immune checkpoint inhibitors in liver cancer: from monotherapy to combination strategies.
Review in Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has an extremely poor prognosis. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has fundamentally transformed the therapeutic landscape for HCC. However, due to the limited response rate and complex resistance mechanisms of monotherapy, the core of clinical practice has shifted towards ICI-based combination strategies. This article systematically reviews the biological basis-primarily the immune microenvironment-and clinical evidence, including the limitations of monotherapy and the optimization of combination regimens, underlying this paradigm shift, as well as the challenges in achieving precision medicine (such as efficacy prediction and resistance). Finally, it points out that future breakthroughs rely on the integrated application of multi-omics-guided personalized regimens, engineered immune cell technologies, and AI-based predictive models. In summary, advancing HCC immunotherapy from broad combination strategies toward individualized precision combinations represents a promising direction for addressing current limitations and improving therapeutic benefit.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42566079What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.