ArticleAlcohol, clinical & experimental research2026
Quantitative Three-Dimensional Characterization of Facial Dysmorphism in Self-Identified African-American Individuals With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.
Article in Alcohol, clinical & experimental research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe objective of this study was to characterize facial dysmorphology in a self-identified African-American cohort of children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and to evaluate the utility of computer vision-based methods for quantitative assessment and screening of facial form.
methodsA total of 307 self-identified African-American individuals were evaluated by expert dysmorphologists and classified according to PAE status as unexposed controls (controls), individuals with prenatal alcohol exposed without fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)-associated physical features (AE), or individuals with prenatal alcohol exposed with FAS-associated physical features (AE-FAS). Three-dimensional (3D) facial images were analyzed using volumetric and measurement-based approaches. Statistical shape modeling was applied to support surface-based analysis, cluster identification, and group discrimination testing.
results(i) Facial growth in the AE-FAS group was significantly reduced. (ii) We observed a subgroup of AE clinically without FAS-associated physical features who displayed an affinity to the AE-FAS group in the unscaled models. (iii) Sex-stratified analyses revealed alcohol-associated alterations in sexual dimorphism of facial morphology, with a substantially stronger association between PAE and reduced facial growth in females than in males. (iv) Unique patterns of facial dysmorphology were exhibited in the AE group, showing underdevelopment of the zygomatic arch. (v) Using closest mean, support vector machine, and linear discriminant analysis, discrimination between AE-FAS and controls was moderate.
conclusions3D facial analysis facilitates recognition of potential sex-related differences in facial morphology associated with PAE in African-American children, a population underrepresented in the clinical literature. The distinct patterns of dysmorphology observed may contribute to improved phenotypic characterization and diagnostic support.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.