ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026
Prevalence and genetic diversity of respiratory syncytial viruses circulating in Bulgaria, 2023-2025.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) with a considerable disease burden among children under 5 years of age. This study aimed to characterize the prevalence of RSV, genetic diversity of circulating strains, and amino acid variability in viral proteins, as well as identify mutations within the binding sites of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) approved for RSV prophylaxis. Methods: Nasopharyngeal specimens from 5,170 patients of all ages with ARI were tested for 13 respiratory viruses using multiplex real-time PCR. Representative RSV-positive samples were subjected to whole-genome sequencing, followed by phylogenetic and amino acid sequence analyses. Results: RSV was positive in 303 (5.9%) patients, of whom 61 (20.1%) had co-infections with other respiratory viruses. Among children under 5 years of age, RSV was the most frequently detected pathogen in cases of bronchiolitis (30.6%) and pneumonia (12.6%). RSV-positive samples from the 2024-2025 season were genotyped, and predominance of RSV-A over RSV-B was observed. Phylogenetic analysis identified eight and seven genetic lineages within RSV-A and RSV-B, respectively, with A.D.1.11 and B.D.1.1 being the most prevalent. No substitutions were detected in the F protein antigenic sites of RSV-A (Ø, I-V), including the binding sites for nirsevimab (site Ø), palivizumab (site II), and clesrovimab (site IV). Conversely, RSV-B strains exhibited substitutions in antigenic sites Ø (n=3), I (n=2), and V (n=2). Conclusions: RSV is a leading cause of severe respiratory disease in early childhood and demonstrates substantial genetic diversity among circulating strains. The absence of resistance-associated substitutions in the F protein indicates that currently circulating RSV strains remain susceptible to approved mAbs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.