Evidence mapPaperPMID 42568866Full record

ArticleHealth science reports2026

Pre-Infection COVID-19 Vaccination and Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Adults Without Preexisting Cardiovascular Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Abdul Qadeer, Muneeb Khawar, Michele Fouad, Samiksha Jain, Prutha Pathak, Awon Muhammad, Anu Radha Twayana, Kamel Ikbariah, Najam Gohar, Mueed Chaudhary and 2 more

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Article in Health science reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Abdul QadeerThe University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas USA.
Muneeb KhawarKing Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan.
Michele FouadAlexandria Faculty of Medicine Alexandria Egypt.
Samiksha JainGuntur Medical College Guntur India.
Prutha PathakNorth Alabama Medical Center Florence Alabama USA.
Awon MuhammadKing Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan.
Anu Radha TwayanaTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Permian Basin Odessa Texas USA.
Kamel IkbariahLahey Hospital and Medical Center Burlington Massachusetts USA.
Najam GoharAmeer-ud-Din Medical College Lahore Pakistan.
Mueed ChaudharyNational University of Medical Sciences Rawalpindi Pakistan.
Elham ShenawaBalkh University Mazar-i-Sharif Afghanistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7582-2490
Mirza Muhammad Hadeed KhawarServices Institute of Medical Sciences Lahore Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4048-0316

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Long-term cardiovascular complications after COVID-19 are increasingly recognized, yet the protective effect of pre-infection vaccination in individuals without prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. This study examined the association between COVID-19 vaccination and major cardiovascular and related outcomes up to 3 years post-infection in adults without preexisting CVD. Methods: In this retrospective cohort analysis using the TriNetX US Collaborative Network, adults (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with COVID-19 from March 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023, without prior CVD were identified. Patients who received ≥ 1 vaccine dose before diagnosis were 1:1 propensity score-matched (caliper 0.1) to unvaccinated patients on 90 covariates, including demographics, comorbidities, medications, and laboratory values. Outcomes were assessed at one and 3 years. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and Results: After 1:1 propensity score matching, 55,752 patients were included in each cohort for the 1-year analysis and 55,622 patients per cohort for the 3-year analysis. Vaccination was associated with lower risk of the primary composite outcome at 1 year (RR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.17-0.27; Conclusions: Pre-infection COVID-19 vaccination was associated with sustained reductions in major cardiovascular events, mortality, and healthcare utilization up to 3 years post-infection in adults without prior CVD.

Indexed as

cardiovascular outcomesCOVID‐19long‐term follow‐uppropensity score matchingvaccination

Identifiers

PMID42568866
PMCPMC13448144

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.